Note 11. Income Taxes

The Company intends to continue to qualify annually as a RIC under the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”). As a RIC, the Company is not subject to federal income tax on the portion of its taxable income and gains distributed currently to its stockholders as a dividend. The Company anticipates distributing substantially all of its taxable income and gains, within the Subchapter M rules, and thus the Company anticipates that it will not incur any federal or state income tax at the RIC level. As a RIC, the Company is also subject to a nondeductible federal excise tax based on distributive requirements of its taxable income on a calendar year basis. Depending on the level of taxable income earned in a tax year, the Company may choose to carry forward taxable income in excess of current year distributions into the next tax year and pay a 4% excise tax on such income, to the extent required.

The permanent differences for tax purposes from distributable earnings to additional paid in capital were reclassified for tax purposes for the tax years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023. These reclassifications have no impact on net assets.

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Increase (decrease) in distributable earnings

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

Increase (decrease) in capital in excess of par value

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

The following reconciles net increase in net assets resulting from operations to taxable income for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations

 

$

(3,169,730

)

 

$

47,665,765

 

 

$

107,835,651

 

Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) from investments

 

 

43,434,583

 

 

 

(2,843,502

)

 

 

(52,563,544

)

Other book tax differences

 

 

13,193,914

 

 

 

17,994,974

 

 

 

1,677,010

 

Taxable income before deductions for distributions

 

$

53,458,767

 

 

$

62,817,237

 

 

$

56,949,117

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Distributions paid from:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ordinary income

 

$

53,071,608

 

 

$

62,240,744

 

 

$

56,068,285

 

Capital gains

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return of Capital

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

53,071,608

 

 

$

62,240,744

 

 

$

56,068,285

 

 

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, the components of accumulated earnings on a tax basis were as follows:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Undistributed net investment income (loss)

 

$

522,762

 

 

$

725,106

 

 

$

148,613

 

Undistributed capital gains

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Capital loss carryforward

 

 

(38,388,260

)

 

 

(26,055,895

)

 

 

(9,042,947

)

Other accumulated gain (loss)

 

 

(70,320

)

 

 

(78,134

)

 

 

(85,947

)

Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation)

 

 

(91,598,329

)

 

 

(47,900,872

)

 

 

(49,754,535

)

Total

 

$

(129,534,147

)

 

$

(73,309,795

)

 

$

(58,734,816

)

 

Capital losses can be carried forward indefinitely to offset future capital gains. As of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $38,388,260, $26,055,895 and $9,042,947 in capital loss carryforwards, respectively.

As of December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, the Company’s aggregate unrealized appreciation and depreciation on investments based on cost for U.S. federal income tax purposes was as follows:

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Tax cost

 

$

1,295,238,647

 

 

$

1,455,014,184

 

 

$

1,158,548,300

 

Gross unrealized appreciation

 

 

6,386,163

 

 

 

13,752,795

 

 

 

9,383,672

 

Gross unrealized depreciation

 

 

(97,984,492

)

 

 

(61,653,667

)

 

 

(59,138,207

)

Net unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) on investments

 

$

(91,598,329

)

 

$

(47,900,872

)

 

$

(49,754,535

)

 

The Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 740, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) as of January 23, 2020, commencement of operations. ASC 740 provides guidance for how uncertain tax positions should be recognized, measured, presented, and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. ASC 740 requires the evaluation of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the Company’s tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. The Company recognizes the tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained assuming examination by tax authorities. As of December 31, 2025, management has analyzed the Company’s tax positions, and has concluded that no liability for unrecognized tax benefits should be recorded related to uncertain tax positions taken in the Company’s current year tax return. The Company identifies its major tax jurisdiction as U.S. Federal. The 2022-2025 tax years remain subject to examination by U.S. federal, state and local authorities. Management’s determinations regarding ASC 740 may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based upon factors including, but not limited to, an ongoing analysis of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 27, 2025
2023Feb 28, 2024
2022Mar 10, 2023

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.