9.
Stock-Based Awards

Stock Option Valuation

The weighted average assumptions that the Company used in the Black-Scholes pricing model to determine the fair value of the stock options granted to employees, non-employees and directors were as follows:

 

 

For the Years Ended December 31,

 

 

2025

 

2024

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

3.49

%

 

4.23

%

Expected term (in years)

 

5.39

 

 

5.81

 

Expected volatility

 

78.47

%

 

73.72

%

Expected dividend yield

 

0.00

%

 

0.00

%

Exercise price

$

8.15

 

$

26.93

 

Fair value of common stock

$

8.15

 

$

26.93

 

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

 

 

 

Weighted

 

Weighted

 

 

 

 

 

 

Average

 

Average

 

Aggregate

 

 

Number of

 

Exercise

 

Contractual

 

Intrinsic

 

 

Shares

 

Price

 

Term (Years)

 

Value

 

Outstanding as of December 31, 2023

 

14,863,996

 

$

15.07

 

 

5.16

 

$

250,602

 

Granted

 

1,767,674

 

 

26.93

 

 

8.94

 

 

 

Exercised

 

(269,080

)

 

11.93

 

 

 

 

3,412

 

Cancelled or forfeited

 

(317,904

)

 

26.98

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding as of December 31, 2024

 

16,044,686

 

$

16.19

 

 

4.67

 

$

63,295

 

Granted

 

2,747,686

 

 

8.15

 

 

6.82

 

 

 

Exercised

 

(952,313

)

 

0.00

 

 

 

 

 

Cancelled or forfeited

 

(5,677,040

)

 

6.89

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding as of December 31, 2025

 

12,163,019

 

 

19.98

 

 

4.53

 

 

706

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2025

 

9,777,820

 

$

22.41

 

 

3.48

 

$

325

 

Options unvested as of December 31, 2025

 

2,385,199

 

$

10.02

 

 

8.82

 

$

381

 

The weighted average grant-date fair value per share of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $4.87 and $18.13, respectively.

The total fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $27.1 million and $27.7 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the RSU activity for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

 

 

 

Weighted Average

 

 

Number of

 

Grant Date

 

 

Shares

 

Fair Value

 

Unvested as of December 31, 2023

 

1,490,357

 

$

18.53

 

Granted

 

760,423

 

 

27.45

 

Vested

 

(722,471

)

 

18.69

 

Forfeited

 

(114,099

)

 

21.24

 

Unvested as of December 31, 2024

 

1,414,210

 

$

23.02

 

Granted

 

6,353,321

 

 

6.23

 

Vested(1)

 

(937,294

)

 

20.99

 

Forfeited

 

(1,829,671

)

 

10.90

 

Unvested as of December 31, 2025

 

5,000,566

 

$

6.51

 

(1) Common stock issued is net of 22,808 RSUs related to taxes and includes 834 awards that were vested in 2025 but issued in 2026.

The total fair value of RSU’s vested during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $19.8 million and $13.5 million, respectively.

Performance Stock Units

The Company began granting PSU awards in 2024. The following table summarizes the PSU activity for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

 

 

 

Weighted Average

 

 

Number of

 

Grant Date

 

 

Shares

 

Fair Value

 

Unvested as of December 31, 2023

 

-

 

$

-

 

Granted

 

156,738

 

 

27.93

 

Vested

 

-

 

 

-

 

Forfeited

 

(87,077

)

 

27.31

 

Unvested as of December 31, 2024

 

69,661

 

$

28.71

 

Granted

 

-

 

 

-

 

Vested

 

-

 

 

-

 

Forfeited

 

(69,661

)

 

28.71

 

Unvested as of December 31, 2025

 

-

 

$

-

 

PSU vesting and expense recognition is based on achievement of specific performance goals within certain time periods. PSU awards that are not achieved within specific time periods are forfeited. All performance goals and PSUs had expired as of December 31, 2025.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense recognized by award type is as follows:

 

 

For the Years Ended December 31,

 

 

2025

 

2024

 

Stock options

$

18,411

 

$

28,054

 

Restricted stock units

 

18,648

 

 

15,866

 

Total stock-based compensation expense

$

37,059

 

$

43,920

 

 

Stock-based compensation expense by classification included within the Consolidated Statements of Operations was as follows:

 

 

For the Years Ended December 31,

 

 

2025

 

2024

 

Research and development

$

16,690

 

$

18,784

 

General and administrative

 

20,369

 

 

25,136

 

Total stock-based compensation expense

$

37,059

 

$

43,920

 

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had an aggregate of $37.8 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and RSU grants, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted average period of 1.81 years.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 27, 2025
2023Feb 27, 2024
2022Feb 28, 2023
2021Feb 28, 2022
2018Mar 8, 2019

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.