11.

OPERATING SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company’s insurance operations are managed and reported in three operating segments: property, casualty and surety. The casualty portion of our business consists largely of commercial excess, personal umbrella, general liability, transportation and management liability coverages, as well as package business and other specialty coverages, such as professional liability and workers’ compensation for office-based professionals. We also assume a limited amount of risks through quota share and excess of loss reinsurance agreements. The casualty business is subject to a higher level of risk when estimating losses and related loss reserves because the ultimate settlement of a casualty claim may take several years to fully develop.

Our property segment is comprised primarily of commercial fire, hurricane, earthquake, difference in conditions and marine coverages. We also offer homeowners’ coverages in Hawaii. Property insurance results are subject to the variability introduced by perils such as earthquakes, fires, hurricanes and other storms. Our major catastrophe exposure is to losses caused by windstorms, affecting commercial properties in coastal regions of the United States, and earthquakes, primarily on the West Coast. We limit our net aggregate exposure to a catastrophic event by managing the total policy limits written in a particular region, purchasing reinsurance and maintaining policy terms and conditions throughout all insurance cycles. We also use computer-assisted modeling techniques to provide estimates that help the Company carefully manage the concentration of risks exposed to catastrophic events.

The surety segment specializes in writing small to medium-sized contract surety coverages, including payment and performance bonds. We offer a variety of commercial surety bonds for medium to large-sized businesses across a broad spectrum of industries, including the financial, healthcare, energy and renewable energy industries. We also offer a variety of transactional bonds, including but not limited to license and permit, notary and court bonds. Often, our surety coverages involve a statutory requirement for bonds. While these bonds typically maintain a relatively low loss ratio, losses may fluctuate due to adverse economic conditions affecting the financial viability of our insureds. The contract surety product guarantees commercial contractors’ contractual obligations for a specific construction project. Generally, losses occur due to the deterioration of a contractor’s financial condition.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (CODM) is the chief executive officer. The Company’s CODM assesses the segments’ performance by using earnings before income taxes (underwriting income) and the combined ratio. Underwriting income and combined ratio are analyzed at the segment level and influence how resources are allocated. Decisions are made based on what is likely to provide the best long-term return to the Company.

The accounting policies of the reporting segments are the same as those described in note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. Expense allocations are based on assumptions primarily related to direct costs, net premiums earned, as well as the level of support required for the products within each segment. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs represents the recognition of commission and premium taxes over the life of insurance polices, in proportion to premium revenue recognized. The other policy acquisition costs line item includes other expenses associated with underwriting, but that cannot be specifically associated with the successful acquisition of a policy, including, but not limited to, employment costs for underwriters and underwriting support as well as costs for policy acquisition systems. Insurance operating expenses reflect allocated costs from various support departments, such as corporate technology, accounting, human resources and facilities, among others.

Net investment income consists of the interest and dividend income streams from our investments in fixed income and equity securities. Interest expense represents the cost of debt and lines of credit. General corporate expenses include director and shareholder relation costs and other compensation-related expenses incurred for the benefit of the corporation, but not attributable to the operations of our insurance segments. Investee earnings primarily represents our 23 percent share in earnings of Prime Holdings Insurance Services, Inc., a privately held insurance company which specializes in hard-to-place risks. Assets, and the revenues and expenses associated with investing and financing activities, are not managed at the segment level and therefore are not allocated to segments.

All segment revenues are from external customers and all long-lived assets are held domestically. We have no material foreign operations or customer concentrations and have no intersegment revenues.

The following table summarizes revenues by major product type within each operating segment:

NET PREMIUMS EARNED

Year ended December 31,

(in thousands)

 

2025

 

2024

 

2023

CASUALTY

Commercial excess and personal umbrella

$

447,361

$

354,847

$

286,178

Commercial transportation

123,413

120,650

103,719

General liability

110,891

104,423

103,066

Professional services

108,090

103,794

99,596

Small commercial

79,064

78,308

72,920

Executive products

22,942

23,555

24,687

Other casualty

62,220

67,260

68,180

Total

$

953,981

$

852,837

$

758,346

PROPERTY

Commercial property

$

301,659

$

345,554

$

244,798

Marine

158,904

145,706

129,428

Other property

51,841

40,124

27,304

Total

$

512,404

$

531,384

$

401,530

SURETY

Transactional

$

52,418

$

49,460

$

47,983

Commercial

50,690

48,533

49,707

Contract

44,853

44,192

36,740

Total

$

147,961

$

142,185

$

134,430

Grand total

$

1,614,346

$

1,526,406

$

1,294,306

The following tables present our operating results by segment, as evaluated by the CODM.

Year ended December 31, 2025

(in thousands)

Casualty

Property

Surety

Total

Revenue

Net premiums earned

$

953,981

$

512,404

$

147,961

$

1,614,346

Net investment income

-

-

-

159,739

Net realized gains

-

-

-

65,116

Net unrealized gains on equity securities

-

-

-

43,247

Consolidated revenue

$

953,981

$

512,404

$

147,961

$

1,882,448

Less: Expenses

Losses and settlement expenses

$

595,178

$

120,146

$

10,631

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs

184,818

105,864

51,311

Other policy acquisition costs

90,671

33,218

42,505

Insurance operating expenses

67,447

34,051

14,317

Segment earnings before income taxes

$

15,867

$

219,125

$

29,197

$

264,189

Depreciation and amortization expense

$

6,185

$

2,089

$

1,423

Year ended December 31, 2024

(in thousands)

Casualty

Property

Surety

Total

Revenue

Net premiums earned

$

852,837

$

531,384

$

142,185

$

1,526,406

Net investment income

-

-

-

142,278

Net realized gains

-

-

-

19,966

Net unrealized gains on equity securities

-

-

-

81,734

Consolidated revenue

$

852,837

$

531,384

$

142,185

$

1,770,384

Less: Expenses

Losses and settlement expenses

$

524,490

$

198,806

$

15,957

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs

161,532

108,235

48,254

Other policy acquisition costs

83,987

22,936

39,096

Insurance operating expenses

65,040

33,871

13,549

Segment earnings before income taxes

$

17,788

$

167,536

$

25,329

$

210,653

Depreciation and amortization expense

$

5,705

$

1,924

$

991

Year ended December 31, 2023

(in thousands)

Casualty

Property

Surety

Total

Revenue

Net premiums earned

$

758,346

$

401,530

$

134,430

$

1,294,306

Net investment income

-

-

-

120,383

Net realized gains

-

-

-

32,518

Net unrealized gains on equity securities

-

-

-

64,787

Consolidated revenue

$

758,346

$

401,530

$

134,430

$

1,511,994

Less Expenses

Losses and settlement expenses

$

418,032

$

172,062

$

14,319

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs

138,968

94,173

42,754

Other policy acquisition costs

82,621

22,171

37,638

Insurance operating expenses

59,246

26,808

12,329

Segment earnings before income taxes

$

59,479

$

86,316

$

27,390

$

173,185

Depreciation and amortization expense

$

5,991

$

1,807

$

1,648

The following table reconciles segment earnings before income taxes to earnings before income taxes.

Year ended December 31,

(in thousands)

 

2025

 

2024

 

2023

Reconciliation of earnings before income taxes

Segment earnings before income taxes

$

264,189

$

210,653

$

173,185

Net investment income

159,739

142,278

120,383

Net realized gains

65,116

19,966

32,518

Net unrealized gains on equity securities

43,247

81,734

64,787

Interest expense on debt

(5,358)

(6,331)

(7,301)

General corporate expenses

(17,028)

(15,880)

(15,917)

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated investees

(3,924)

(4,869)

9,610

Earnings before income taxes

$

505,981

$

427,551

$

377,265

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 20, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 21, 2025
2023Feb 23, 2024
2022Feb 24, 2023
2021Feb 18, 2022
2020Feb 19, 2021
2019Feb 21, 2020
2018Feb 22, 2019
2017Feb 23, 2018
2016Feb 24, 2017
2015Feb 26, 2016

About Segments Disclosures

Segment disclosures break a company into its reportable operating units, revealing revenue, profit, and asset allocation that consolidated financial statements obscure. Under ASC 280, segments must match how the chief operating decision maker views the business, providing a window into internal management structure and resource allocation priorities.

Key signals: compare segment margins to identify which units drive profitability and which destroy value. Watch for changes in the number of reportable segments — segment aggregation or disaggregation often coincides with strategic shifts or attempts to obscure declining performance. Intersegment elimination patterns reveal internal pricing practices. The reconciliation between segment totals and consolidated figures exposes corporate overhead allocation and unallocated items. Geographic revenue concentration highlights regulatory and currency exposure. Compare segment-level capital expenditure against segment revenue to assess where management is investing for future growth versus harvesting existing assets.