GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following table provides a summary of goodwill activity:
Year Ended December 31,
2025
2024
Balance at beginning of period
$2,646,676
$1,646,482
Acquisitions1
537,647
999,763
Measurement period adjustments
13,316
4,744
Impact of exchange rate changes
27,382
(4,313)
Balance at end of period
$3,225,021
$2,646,676
1 For the year ended December 31, 2025, the activity includes goodwill recognized from immaterial acquisitions not
disclosed in Note 4, Mergers and Acquisitions.
The net carrying amounts of finite-lived intangible assets are shown in the table below:
As of December 31, 2025
As of December 31, 2024
Cost
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount
Cost
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount
Customer
relationships
$2,460,456
$(963,571)
$1,496,885
$2,102,404
$(710,356)
$1,392,048
Internally
developed
software
157,503
(45,055)
112,448
103,388
(27,051)
76,337
Other1
37,977
(30,804)
7,173
32,538
(25,201)
7,337
Total
$2,655,936
$(1,039,430)
$1,616,506
$2,238,330
$(762,608)
$1,475,722
1 Other consists of trade names and assembled workforces.
The cost of internally developed software in development but not yet placed in service was $46.7 million and $30.8 million
as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The aggregate amortization expense from finite-lived intangible assets was $274.4 million, $157.8 million, and $106.8
million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The estimated future amortization for finite-
lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2025, was as follows:
Customer
Relationships
Internally
Developed Software
Other
2026
$234,372
$21,624
$3,480
2027
203,398
26,804
2,255
2028
180,609
24,950
723
2029
159,891
18,392
477
2030
141,603
13,194
238
Thereafter
577,012
7,484
Total
$1,496,885
$112,448
$7,173

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.