ADOPTION OF INCOME TAX DISCLOSURES STANDARD

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The guidance enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures by requiring, among other things, expanded disclosures related to the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid.

Adoption of ASU 2023-09 requires public entities to:

Present a tabular reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rate using specified categories, including a requirement to disaggregate reconciling items that exceed a quantitative threshold;
Disclose income (loss) before income taxes disaggregated between domestic and foreign operations; and
Disclose in the supplemental disclosures within the statement of cash flows, income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign jurisdictions, including further disaggregation for individual jurisdictions that are significant.

The Company adopted ASU 2023-09 effective January 1, 2025, on a retrospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, as the amendments primarily affect disclosure requirements. The Company has also updated its supplemental disclosure within the statement of cash flows beginning in the year ended December 31, 2025.

About New Standards Disclosures

New accounting standards disclosures describe recently adopted pronouncements and those not yet effective, along with management's assessment of their expected impact. This section provides an early warning system for upcoming changes to how a company reports its financial results, often years before the new rules take effect.

Key signals: when management describes a not-yet-adopted standard's impact as "material" or "still being evaluated," it signals potential significant changes to reported metrics upon adoption. Watch for standards that affect a company's core operations — for example, revenue recognition changes for software companies or lease accounting changes for retailers with large store footprints. The transition method chosen (full retrospective versus modified retrospective) affects comparability with prior periods. Companies that delay adoption to the latest permitted date may be struggling with implementation complexity. Compare the disclosed impact assessments against peers in the same industry to gauge whether management's expectations are reasonable.