Revenue Recognition

The Company generated a significant portion of its revenue from financial instruments comprising of margin revenue, securities lending, principal transactions and proprietary trading, and interest revenue. These net interest and other revenues are not within the scope of FASB ASC Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”), because they are generated from financial instruments covered by various other areas of GAAP. Market making activities are not within the scope of Topic 606, as they do not meet the definition of a contract with a customer under the standard. Consequently, revenue and expenses related to market making activity are accounted for separately and not included in the revenue figures presented in accordance with Topic 606.

The Company also has fee revenue and transaction revenue which are within the scope of Topic 606. Revenue from contracts with customers includes commission income charged to retail clients for executing transactions, markups on riskless principal transactions charged to retail clients for executing transactions, distribution income received from mutual funds for client transactions, stock locate fees charged to counterparties for providing locate services, payment for order flow received for executing transactions, and administrative fees to retail clients including for maintenance and other ancillary services. Under Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, requires that an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance requires an entity to follow a five-step model to (a) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (b) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (c) determine the transaction price, (d) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (e) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In determining the transaction price, an entity may include variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized would not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.

The table below presents detailed information on the Company’s recognition of revenue from contracts with customers as well as revenues from financial instruments, which are outside the scope of Topic 606, by major types of services for the periods indicated.

   Year Ended December 31, 
   2024   2023 
Revenues from Contracts with Customers        
Principal transactions and proprietary trading          
Riskless principal transactions with customers  $14,130,000   $9,096,000 
           
Commissions and fees          
Brokerage commissions   7,629,000    5,927,000 
Distribution fees   1,365,000    1,167,000 
Insurance commissions   621,000    447,000 
           
Stock borrow / stock loan          
Retail fees (rebates)   (5,000)   (78,000)
Stock locate services   16,892,000    12,901,000 
           
Other income          
Administrative fees   1,888,000    519,000 
Payment for order flow   1,454,000    1,114,000 
Other commissions   48,000    265,000 
           
Advisory fees   2,369,000    1,928,000 
           
Total revenues from contracts with customers  $46,391,000   $33,286,000 
           
Revenue outside the scope of Topic 606          
Principal transactions and proprietary trading          
Proprietary trading   486,000    3,997,000 
           
Interest, marketing and distribution fees          
Margin interest   15,440,000    16,236,000 
Interest income   14,933,000    11,618,000 
Marketing and distribution fees   2,034,000    1,724,000 
           
Stock borrow / stock loan          
Stock rebate revenue   2,362,000    3,349,000 
           
Market making   2,255,000    1,304,000 
           
Total revenue outside the scope of Topic 606   37,510,000    38,228,000 
           
Total revenue  $83,901,000   $71,514,000 

The primary sources of revenue for the Company are as follows:

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2024Mar 31, 2025Showing above
2023May 10, 2024
2021Mar 30, 2022
2020Mar 10, 2021
2019Mar 27, 2020

About Revenue Disclosures

Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.

Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.