15. Stock-Based Compensation

In September 2015, the Company’s board of directors adopted its 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan, or 2015 Plan, which was subsequently approved by its stockholders and became effective upon the closing of the IPO on March 8, 2016. The 2015 Plan replaced the 2007 Stock Plan, or 2007 Plan and allows for the granting of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, unrestricted stock, stock units, dividend equivalent rights, performance awards, annual incentive awards, and other equity-based awards to the Company’s executives and other employees, non-employee members of the board of directors, and consultants of the Company. Any options or awards outstanding under the Company’s 2007 Plan remain outstanding and continue to govern the terms of any equity grants that remain outstanding under the 2007 Plan. Any shares of common stock related to awards outstanding under the 2007 Plan that thereafter terminate by expiration, forfeiture, cancellation or otherwise without the issuance of such shares will be added to, and included in, the 2015 Plan reserve amount. The Company initially reserved 1,750,000 shares of its common stock for the issuance of awards under the 2015 Plan. The 2015 Plan provides that the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the 2015 Plan will automatically increase each January 1, beginning on January 1, 2017, by 4% of the outstanding number of shares of common stock on the immediately preceding December 31 or such lesser number of shares as determined by the Company’s board of directors. On January 1, 2026, the shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan was increased to 3,496,239. The 2015 Plan will expire in March 2026.

In February 2023, the Company's board of directors adopted its 2023 Inducement Plan, or the 2023 Inducement Plan, which became effective March 1, 2023. The 2023 Inducement Plan allows for the granting of nonqualified stock options, restricted stock units, and other awards under the 2023 Inducement Plan to persons not previously an employee or director of the Company, or following a bona fide period of non-employment, an inducement material to such persons entering into employment with the Company. The Company initially reserved 1,900,000 shares of its common stock for the issuance of awards under the 2023 Inducement Plan. In December 2024 and 2023, the Company's board of directors approved the increase of the reserve by 1,200,000 and 1,100,000 shares respectively, effective the following year. There is no increase to the 2023 plan in January 2026.

As of December 31, 2025, there were 4,452,162 shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan and 569,122 shares available for issuance under the 2023 Inducement Plan.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of stock option awards to employees and non-employees and related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan in the consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Research and development

 

$

16,032

 

 

$

19,934

 

 

$

14,147

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

$

31,471

 

 

 

23,092

 

 

 

16,804

 

Total

 

$

47,503

 

 

$

43,026

 

 

$

30,951

 

 

Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units

As of December 31, 2025, there was $78.7 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to employee and non-employee unvested stock options and RSUs granted under the 2015 Plan and the 2023 Inducement Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining service period of 2.4 years. For the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, the Company capitalized $460 and $53 of stock compensation expense to inventory. There was no stock based compensation capitalized for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Company's stock-based awards are subject to either service or performance-based vesting conditions. Compensation expense related to awards to employees, directors and non-employees with service-based vesting conditions is recognized on a straight-line basis based on the grant date fair value over the associated service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term. Compensation expense related to awards to employees with performance-based vesting conditions is recognized based on the grant date fair value over the requisite service period using the straight-line method to the extent achievement of the performance condition is probable.

In 2022, the Company granted to certain employees 140,000 performance-based stock options, or 2022 Performance Awards, primarily related to the achievement of certain regulatory development milestones related to product candidates. Recognition of stock-based compensation expense associated with these performance-based stock options commences when the performance condition is considered probable of achievement, using management’s best estimates, which consider the inherent risk and uncertainty regarding the future outcomes of the milestones.

In the first quarter of 2022, management estimated one of the milestones, for the 2022 Performance Awards, was probable of achievement. The second performance milestone was achieved in November 2024 and 40,000 options were vested. The Company recorded no stock compensation expense in the year ended December 31, 2025, and $0.4 million, and $0.3 million of stock compensation expense for these awards for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, 40,000 stock options outstanding were unvested, and 60,000 options had been cancelled related to employee terminations.

In the second quarter of 2023, the Company granted to certain employees 129,550 performance-based RSUs, or 2023 Performance Awards, primarily related to the achievement of certain regulatory development milestones related to product candidates. The Company recorded approximately $0.8 million and $1.0 million of stock compensation related to the achievement of the performance milestones during the year ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. The Company recorded no stock compensation expense for these awards in the year ended December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2025, these awards are fully vested.

In the first quarter of 2024, the Company granted to certain employees 35,500 performance-based RSUs, or 2024 Performance Awards, primarily related to the achievement of certain regulatory development milestones related to product candidates. The Company recorded approximately $0.1 million and $0.5 million of stock compensation related to the achievement of the performance milestones during the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, these awards are fully vested.

In the first quarter of 2024, the Company granted to certain executives 141,725 performance-based RSUs, or 2024 Executive Performance Awards, primarily related to the achievement of revenue targets for Revuforj. The Company recorded approximately $1.5 million of stock compensation related to the achievement of the performance milestones during the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company recorded no stock compensation expense for these awards in the year ended December 31, 2024. The remaining awards will vest upon the first and second year anniversaries of the performance target being achieved.

In the first quarter of 2025, the Company granted to certain executives 252,800 performance-based RSUs , or 2024 Executive Performance Awards, related to the achievement of revenue targets and regulatory development milestones for Revuforj. The Company recorded approximately $0.3 million of stock compensation related to the achievement of the performance milestones during the year ended December 31, 2025. The awards will vest upon compensation committee approval in February 2028. As of December 31, 2025, it is probable that two thirds of these awards will vest and are being expensed as such.

In connection with the termination of eight employees in 2024 and five employees in 2025, the Company entered into severance and consulting agreements. Under these agreements, the Company extended the vesting term for unvested options, which would not have otherwise vested, and extended the exercise period of the vested options post termination of the consulting agreement. For one employee, the Company accelerated the vesting of unvested options that otherwise would have vested in the following twelve month period and extended the exercise period of the vested options post termination of employment. The Company accounted for the change as a modification of an equity award under ASC 718. As a result of the modifications, the Company recognized approximately $1.1 million and $1.2 million of incremental stock compensation expense in the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the weighted-average assumptions noted in the table below. Expected volatility for the Company’s common stock was determined based on an average of the historical volatility of the Company's public stock price. The Company estimated the expected term of its employee stock options using the “simplified” method, whereby, the expected term equals the average of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the option. The

contractual life of the option was used for the estimated life of the non-employee grants. The assumed dividend yield is based upon the Company’s expectation of not paying dividends in the foreseeable future. The risk-free interest rate for periods within the expected life of the option is based upon the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur. The grant date fair values of options issued to employees and non-employees were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Expected term (in years)

 

 

6.01

 

 

 

6.05

 

 

 

6.03

 

Volatility rate

 

 

68.01

%

 

 

71.64

%

 

 

75.13

%

Risk-free interest rate

 

 

4.08

%

 

 

4.15

%

 

 

3.65

%

Expected dividend yield

 

 

0.00

%

 

 

0.00

%

 

 

0.00

%

 

A summary of employee and non-employee option activity under the Company’s equity award plans is presented below (in thousands, except share data):

 

 

Number of
Options

 

 

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

 

 

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(in years)

 

 

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

 

OutstandingJanuary 1, 2025

 

 

11,688,079

 

 

$

18.63

 

 

 

6.6

 

 

$

9,746

 

Granted

 

 

3,976,819

 

 

$

13.64

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

(1,135,977

)

 

$

10.67

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cancelled, forfeited or expired

 

 

(1,400,615

)

 

$

19.62

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OutstandingDecember 31, 2025

 

 

13,128,306

 

 

$

17.74

 

 

 

7.0

 

 

$

56,881

 

ExercisableDecember 31, 2025

 

 

7,525,866

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.6

 

 

$

30,174

 

 

The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, was $8.74, $14.37, and $16.20 per share, respectively. The fair value is being expensed over the vesting period of the options (usually three to four years) on a straight-line basis as the services are being provided.

There were 1,135,977 options exercised for the year ended December 31, 2025, resulting in total proceeds of $12.1 million; 717,413 options exercised for the year ended December 31, 2024, resulting in total proceeds of $8.0 million; and 662,042 options exercised for the year ended December 31, 2023, resulting in total proceeds of $5.1 million. The intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $6.8 million, $7.2 million, and $9.5 million, respectively. In accordance with the Company’s policy, the shares were issued from a pool of shares reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan and 2023 Inducement Plan.

Restricted Stock Units

RSUs awarded to Board of Directors or employees vest on either i) one – year anniversary date of the related grant or ii) 25% on each anniversary for 4 years. The following table summarizes our RSU activity:

 

 

 

Number of
Shares

 

 

Weighted
Average
Grant Date Fair Value

 

 

Unvested—December 31, 2024

 

 

1,304,087

 

 

$

19.46

 

 

Granted (1)

 

 

2,001,335

 

 

$

13.37

 

 

Vested

 

 

(410,707

)

 

$

21.31

 

 

Cancelled/Forfeited

 

 

(277,153

)

 

$

15.13

 

 

Unvested—December 31, 2025

 

 

2,617,562

 

 

$

16.22

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1) RSUs granted in 2025 and 2024 had a weighted average grant date fair value of $13.37 and $18.80, respectively. The fair values of RSUs vested in 2025 and 2024 totaled $8.8 million and $1.8 million, respectively.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In September 2015, the Company’s Board adopted the ESPP, which was subsequently approved by the Company’s stockholders and became effective in 2016. The ESPP authorized the initial issuance of up to a total of 250,000 shares of common stock to the Company’s employees. The number of shares of common stock available under the ESPP will automatically increase on January 1st of each year, continuing until the expiration of the ESPP, in an amount equal to the lesser of (a) 1% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year, or (b) 250,000 shares. On January 1, 2026, the shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP was increased to 2,252,859. Under the terms of the ESPP, eligible employees can elect to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock through periodic payroll deductions during a series of six-month offering periods. Purchases under the ESPP are affected on the last business day of each offering period at a 15% discount to the lower of closing price on that day or the closing price on the first day of the offering period. The Company issued 164,852 and 64,903 shares during 2025 and 2024, respectively. The ESPP plan will expire in March 2026.

The ESPP is considered a compensatory plan with the related compensation cost expensed over the six-month offering period. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP of $0.8 million, $0.6 million, and $0.3 million respectively.

Employee Benefit Plan

The Company has a Section 401(k) defined contribution savings plan for its employees. The plan covers substantially all employees who meet minimum age and service requirements and allows participants to defer a portion of their annual compensation on a pre- and after-tax basis, subject to legal limitations. Company contributions to the plan may be made at the discretion of the Board. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company made $3.2 million, $2.7 million, and $1.3 million contributions to the plan, respectively.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 3, 2025
2023Feb 27, 2024
2022Feb 28, 2023
2020Mar 12, 2021

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.