SPRUCE BIOSCIENCES, INC. Stock Compensation Disclosure
10. Stock-Based Compensation
Equity Incentive Plans
The Company adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) in October 2020. The 2020 Plan is a successor to and continuation of the Amended and Restated 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) and provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and other stock or cash-based awards to individuals who are then employees, officers, directors or consultants. A total of 2,647,684 shares of common stock were approved to be initially reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan. In addition, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan will be automatically increased on the first day of each calendar year during the ten-year term of the 2020 Plan, beginning with January 1, 2021 and ending with January 1, 2030, by an amount equal to 5% of the outstanding number of shares of the Company’s common stock on December 31st of the preceding calendar year or such lesser amount as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. Following the effectiveness of the 2020 Plan, no further grants will be made under the 2016 Plan; however, shares subject to awards granted under the 2016 Plan will continue to be governed by the 2016 Plan.
The Board of Directors determines the per share exercise price of each stock option, which for ISOs shall not be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share on the date of grant; provided that the exercise price of an ISO granted to a stockholder who at the time of grant owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock (a 10% stockholder) shall not be less than 110% of the fair market value of a share on the date of grant.
The Board of Directors determines the period over which options vest and become exercisable. Options granted to new employees generally vest over a four-year period: 25% of the shares vest on the first anniversary from the vesting commencement date of the option and an additional of the shares vest on each monthly anniversary thereafter, subject to the employee’s continuous service through each vesting date.
The Board of Directors also determines the term of options, provided the maximum term for ISOs granted to a 10% stockholder must be no longer than five years from date of grant and the maximum term for all other options must be no longer than ten years from date of grant. If an option holder’s service terminates, options generally terminate three months from the date of termination except under certain circumstances, such as death or disability.
Under the 2020 Plan and the 2016 Plan, individuals can be granted the ability to early exercise their options. There were no shares, related to the early exercise of options, subject to repurchase by the Company as of
December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, 2,001,335 shares remained available for issuance under the 2020 Plan and no shares remained available for issuance under the 2016 Plan.
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
|
|
Outstanding |
|
|
Weighted- |
|
|
Weighted- |
|
|
Aggregate |
|
||||
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |
|
|
4,097,376 |
|
|
$ |
3.19 |
|
|
|
7.2 |
|
|
$ |
3,050 |
|
Granted |
|
|
210,000 |
|
|
$ |
0.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Exercised |
|
|
(120,328 |
) |
|
$ |
1.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Forfeited |
|
|
(663,393 |
) |
|
$ |
2.28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Balance as of December 31, 2024 |
|
|
3,523,655 |
|
|
$ |
3.27 |
|
|
|
6.7 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, |
|
|
3,523,655 |
|
|
$ |
3.27 |
|
|
|
6.7 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
Vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2024 |
|
|
2,838,093 |
|
|
$ |
3.47 |
|
|
|
6.3 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
The aggregate intrinsic values of options outstanding and exercisable were calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the options and the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock as of the respective balance sheet date. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $0.3 million and immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The total fair value of options vested was $2.1 million and $4.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)
A summary of the Company’s RSU activity and related information is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
|
|
Number of RSUs |
|
|
Weight-Average Grant Date Fair Value |
|
||
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |
|
|
3,497,663 |
|
|
$ |
1.59 |
|
Granted |
|
|
1,698,400 |
|
|
$ |
1.59 |
|
Vested |
|
|
(1,423,890 |
) |
|
$ |
1.94 |
|
Forfeited |
|
|
(1,532,463 |
) |
|
$ |
1.49 |
|
Balance as of December 31, 2024 |
|
|
2,239,710 |
|
|
$ |
1.59 |
|
For the year ended December 31, 2023, the weighted average fair value of RSUs granted was $1.59 per share. The total fair value of RSUs vested was $2.8 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company granted 1,698,400 RSUs, including 903,050 RSUs subject to time-based vesting in installments through August 2028 and 795,350 RSUs subject to performance-based vesting conditions related to the satisfaction of certain clinical development milestones.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company has 512,800 RSUs outstanding subject to performance-based vesting conditions, of which none are considered probable of achievement.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company’s Board of Directors adopted and the Company’s stockholders approved the 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) in October 2020. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a discount through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their eligible compensation. At the end of each purchase period, employees are able to purchase shares at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock as of the offering date or the applicable purchase date. A total of 220,640 shares of common stock were approved to be initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP. In addition, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP will be automatically increased on the first day of each
calendar year during the first ten-years of the term of the ESPP, beginning with January 1, 2021 and ending with January 1, 2030, by an amount equal to the lessor of (i) 1% of the outstanding number of shares of the Company’s common stock on December 31st of the preceding calendar year, (ii) 441,280 shares of common stock or (iii) such lesser amount as determined by the Board of Directors.
Except for the initial offering period, the ESPP provides for 24-month offering periods starting every January 1st and July 1st, each consisting of four six-month purchase periods. As of December 31, 2024, 926,767 shares of common stock remained available for issuance under the ESPP.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the weighted-average fair value of options granted was $0.64 and $1.65 per share, respectively.
The Company estimated the fair value of stock options and purchase rights under ESPP using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, with the following weighted-average assumptions:
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Options |
|
|
ESPP |
|
|
Options |
|
|
ESPP |
|
||||
Expected term (in years) |
|
|
5.5 |
|
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
|
5.6 |
|
|
|
1.4 |
|
Expected volatility |
|
|
118.1 |
% |
|
|
222.8 |
% |
|
|
87.8 |
% |
|
|
104.6 |
% |
Risk-free interest rate |
|
|
4.5 |
% |
|
|
5.1 |
% |
|
|
3.7 |
% |
|
|
5.4 |
% |
Expected dividend rate |
|
|
0.0 |
% |
|
|
0.0 |
% |
|
|
0.0 |
% |
|
|
0.0 |
% |
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, RSUs and ESPP that is included in the Company’s statements of operations and comprehensive loss (in thousands):
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|||||
|
|
2024 |
|
|
2023 |
|
||
Research and development |
|
$ |
2,013 |
|
|
$ |
1,547 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
3,335 |
|
|
|
3,075 |
|
Total stock-based compensation expense |
|
$ |
5,348 |
|
|
$ |
4,622 |
|
As of December 31, 2024, there was approximately $2.8 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to awards that are expected to vest, which is expected to be recognized over an estimated weighted-average vesting term of 1.4 years.
Historical Timeline
| Fiscal Year | Filed | |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Apr 15, 2025 | Showing above |
| 2021 | Mar 14, 2022 | |
| 2020 | Mar 22, 2021 | |
About Stock Compensation Disclosures
Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.
Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.