12. Stock- Based Compensation

On November 20, 2024, the Company adopted the SR Bancorp, Inc. 2024 Equity Incentive Plan ("2024 Equity Plan”). The 2024 Equity Plan authorizes 1,331,110 shares of common stock for equity-based compensation awards including restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, non-qualified stock options, and incentive stock options. As of June 30, 2025, there were 266,286 shares available for future grants.

Stock Options

On November 21, 2024, the Company granted 237,695 stock options to non-employee directors. On January 29, 2025 and February 5, 2025, the Company granted 465,889 and 57,009, respectively, of stock options to certain officers and employees of the Company. The stock options have a contractual term of 10 years. The stock options vest in equal annual installments over a five-year period beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant. The

fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following table sets forth information regarding the grants:

 

Date of grant

 

November 21, 2024

 

 

January 29, 2025

 

 

February 5, 2025

 

Options granted

 

 

237,695

 

 

 

465,889

 

 

 

57,009

 

Exercise price

 

$

11.04

 

 

$

12.50

 

 

$

12.36

 

Vesting period (years)

 

 

5.00

 

 

 

5.00

 

 

 

5.00

 

Expiration date

 

November 21, 2034

 

 

January 29, 2035

 

 

February 5, 2035

 

Expected Volatility(1)

 

 

27.90

%

 

 

27.87

%

 

 

27.87

%

Expected term (years)(2)

 

 

6.50

 

 

 

6.50

 

 

 

6.50

 

Expected dividend yield(3)

 

 

0.00

%

 

 

0.00

%

 

 

0.00

%

Forfeiture rate

 

 

0.00

%

 

 

0.00

%

 

 

0.00

%

Risk free rate of return(4)

 

 

4.36

%

 

 

4.44

%

 

 

4.33

%

Fair value per option

 

$

4.24

 

 

$

4.82

 

 

$

4.73

 

 

(1)
Expected volatility is based on the standard deviation of the historical volatility of the daily adjusted closing price of a group of peers' shares
(2)
Expected term represents the period of time that the option is expected to be outstanding, determined using the "Simplified Method"
(3)
Expected dividend yield is determined based on management's expectations regarding issuing dividends in the foreseeable future
(4)
The risk-free rate of return is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for a period equivalent to the expected term of the option

 

The following table represents stock option activities for the period indicated:

 

 

 

Year Ended June 30, 2025

 

 

Shares

 

 

Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price

 

 

Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (years)

 

 

Aggregate
Intrinsic Value

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Balance at beginning of period

 

 

 

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

$

 

Granted

 

 

760,593

 

 

 

12.03

 

 

 

9.77

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vested

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited or expired

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at end of period

 

 

760,593

 

 

$

12.03

 

 

 

9.77

 

 

$

1,116

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercisable at end of period

 

 

 

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

$

 

 

The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated by multiplying the number of in-the-money shares by the difference between the Company’s closing price on the last trading day of the period and the exercise price.

Restricted Stock Awards

On November 21, 2024, the Company granted 95,075 restricted stock awards to non-employee directors. On January 29, 2025 and February 5, 2025, the Company granted 186,356 and 22,800, respectively, of restricted stock awards to certain officers and employees. The restricted stock awards vest in equal annual installments over a five-year period. The restricted stock awards are measured based on grant-date fair value, which reflects the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant.

 

The following table represents information regarding restricted stock award activities for the periods indicated:

 

 

Year Ended
June 30, 2025

 

 

Number
of Shares

 

 

Weighted-
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
Per Share

 

Balance at beginning of period

 

 

 

 

$

 

Granted

 

 

304,231

 

 

 

12.03

 

Vested

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at end of period

 

 

304,231

 

 

$

12.03

 

 

The following table represents the compensation expense and income tax benefit recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards for the period indicated:

 

 

 

Year Ended
June 30, 2025

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Stock-based compensation expense

 

 

 

Stock options

 

$

327

 

Restricted stock awards

 

 

340

 

Total stock-based compensation expense

 

$

667

 

Related tax benefits recognized in earnings

 

$

188

 

The following table sets forth the total compensation cost related to non-vested awards not yet recognized and the weighted average period (in years) over which it is expected to be recognized as of June 30, 2025:

 

 

Amount

 

 

Weighted
Average
Period (years)

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

Stock options

 

$

3,196

 

 

 

4.53

 

Restricted stock awards

 

 

3,321

 

 

 

4.53

 

Total

 

$

6,517

 

 

 

 

 

ESOP

The Company maintains the Somerset Regal Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan (the "ESOP"). Coincident with its conversion on September 19, 2023, the Company loaned the ESOP $7.6 million and the ESOP trust purchased 760,634 shares of the Company's common stock at $10.00 per share. The loan is secured by the shares purchased, which are held until allocated to participants. Shares are released for allocation to participants as loan payments are made. Loan payments are principally funded by discretionary cash contributions by the Bank, as well as dividends, if any, paid to the ESOP on unallocated shares. Shares are allocated to eligible participants at the end of the plan year (December 31) on the basis of compensation, subject to federal limits.

Under applicable accounting requirements, the Company records compensation expense for the ESOP equal to the fair market value of shares when they are earned and committed to be released to participants' accounts under the plan. The principal outstanding of the ESOP loan was $6.9 and $7.0 million at June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Total compensation expense recognized in connection with the ESOP was $438,000 and $515,000 for the years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

Shares held by the ESOP were as follows:

 

 

 

June 30, 2025

 

June 30, 2024

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Allocated to participants

 

 

76,064

 

 

38,032

 

Committed to be allocated

 

 

19,016

 

 

19,016

 

Unallocated

 

 

665,554

 

 

703,586

 

Total ESOP shares

 

 

760,634

 

 

760,634

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value of unearned shares

 

$

8,985

 

$

6,508

 

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.