NOTE 13 — INCOME TAXES

 

The provision for/(benefit from) income taxes consisted of the following for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Current taxes

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$(18,245)

 

$325,172

 

State

 

 

(8,315)

 

 

113,278

 

Deferred taxes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

 

579,189

 

 

 

(13,000)

State

 

 

190,811

 

 

 

 

Provision for income taxes

 

$743,440

 

 

$425,450

 

 

The table below provides the updated requirements of ASU 2023-09 for 2025. See “Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional details on the adoption of ASU 2023-09.

 

The effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2025, differs from the statutory federal income tax rate as follows:

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2025

 

 

 

$

 

 

 %

 

Provision for income taxes at U.S. federal statutory rate

 

$(55,484,023)

 

 

21.00%

State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit (primarily attributable to Minnesota)

 

 

5,074,006

 

 

 

(1.92)

Changes in valuation allowance

 

 

51,273,238

 

 

 

(19.41)

Non-taxable or non-deductible items:

 

 

(73,937)

 

 

0.03

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other reconciling items

 

 

(50,844)

 

 

0.02

 

Total tax provision and effective tax rate

 

$743,440

 

 

 

(0.28)%

 

The Company’s effective tax rate of (0.28%) for the year ended December 31, 2025, is due primarily to state taxes and the application of a valuation allowance against the Company’s deferred tax assets.

 

As previously disclosed for the tax year ended December 31, 2024, prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09, the effective income tax rate differs from the statutory federal income tax rate as follows:

 

 

 

2024

 

Rate reconciliation:

 

 

 

Tax expense at U.S. statutory rate

 

$423,931

 

Change in deferred tax rate

 

 

(91)

Prior year over accrual

 

 

4,923

 

Provision-to-return reconciliation

 

 

(1,417)

Other

 

 

(1,896)

Income tax provision

 

$425,450

 

 

As of December 31, 2025, and 2024, we had a deferred tax asset of $0 and $770,000, respectively.  Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.  Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2025, and 2024 were as follows:

 

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Deferred tax assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unrealized loss on marketable securities

 

$-

 

 

$69,887

 

Unrealized loss on digital assets

 

 

73,018,001

 

 

 

-

 

Current expected credit loss

 

 

153,133

 

 

 

-

 

Capital loss carryforward

 

 

367,387

 

 

 

345,256

 

Net operating losses

 

 

142,835

 

 

 

-

 

Depreciation

 

 

1,332

 

 

 

1,265

 

R&D and foreign credits

 

 

40,820

 

 

 

40,820

 

Stock options

 

 

1,470,325

 

 

 

274,803

 

Accrued bonuses

 

 

-

 

 

 

39,780

 

Gross deferred tax assets

 

 

75,193,833

 

 

 

771,811

 

Deferred tax liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prepaid insurance

 

 

(429,227)

 

 

-

 

Other

 

 

-

 

 

 

(1,811)

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

 

(429,227)

 

 

(1,811)

Net deferred tax asset

 

 

74,764,606

 

 

 

770,000

 

Less valuation allowance

 

 

(74,764,606)

 

 

-

 

Total net deferred tax asset

 

$-

 

 

$770,000

 

 

Valuation allowances are established when the Company has concluded that it is more likely than not that such deferred tax assets are not realizable. The Company's ability to realize its remaining deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2025 is primarily dependent upon generating sufficient taxable income of the proper character in future years. Management has concluded that there is not sufficient positive evidence to support the expected realization of these deferred tax assets primarily due to the fact that unrealized investment on digital assets as of December 31, 2025 is a source of future taxable benefit that will not be offset by future taxable income on minimal deferred tax liabilities. As part of the assessment of the amount of the valuation allowance, the Company considered that it has the ability and intent to execute tax planning strategies if necessary, including selling digital assets with a built-in-gain.

 

After consideration of all available evidence, the Company has concluded that, as of December 31, 2025, it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will not be realized. If the market value of digital assets changes in future periods, the Company will assess other sources of forecasted taxable income of proper character, which could result in the release of the valuation allowance.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 27, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 10, 2025
2023Apr 2, 2024
2022Apr 17, 2023
2021Mar 14, 2022

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.