GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
An analysis of changes in the Company’s goodwill by business segment is as follows (in millions):
 MPAWP
ESG
Total
Balance at December 31, 2022, gross
$208 $138 $— $346 
Accumulated impairment (23)(39)— (62)
Balance at December 31, 2022, net
185 99 — 284 
Acquisitions— — 
Foreign exchange effect and other— 
Balance at December 31, 2023, gross
218 139 — 357 
Accumulated impairment(23)(39)— (62)
Balance at December 31, 2023, net
195 100 — 295 
Acquisitions— — 803 803 
Foreign exchange effect and other(4)(1)— (5)
Balance at December 31, 2024, gross
214 138 803 1,155 
Accumulated impairment(23)(39)— (62)
Balance at December 31, 2024, net
$191 $99 $803 $1,093 

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized goodwill of $803 million in connection with the ESG acquisition. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized goodwill of $2 million in connection with the MARCO acquisition. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized goodwill of $4 million in connection with the Steelweld acquisition and $18 million in connection with the ProAll acquisition.

The goodwill associated with these transactions was attributable primarily to the assembled workforce and expected synergies from the business combinations. The goodwill in connection with the ESG acquisition is assigned to ESG segment. The goodwill in connection with MARCO, Steelweld and ProAll acquisitions is assigned to the MP segment. The goodwill recognized for ESG and MARCO is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes, while goodwill recognized for Steelweld and ProAll is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. See Note D – “Acquisitions and Dispositions” for additional information regarding the acquisitions.
Intangible assets, net were comprised of the following (in millions):
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Weighted Average Life
(in years)
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Technology12$159 $(12)$147 $10 $(10)$— 
Customer Relationships15858 (44)814 36 (29)
Trade Names
14152 (10)142 12 (8)
Land Use Rights
80(1)(1)
Other1018 (17)18 (16)
Total definite-lived intangible assets
$1,191 $(84)$1,107 $80 $(64)$16 

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized total definite-lived intangible assets of $1,113 million including customer relationships, trade names and technology in connection with the ESG acquisition. See Note D – “Acquisitions and Dispositions” for additional information regarding the intangible assets recognized. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized customer relationships of $1 million with an estimated useful life of three years in connection with the Steelweld acquisition and customer relationships of $3 million with an estimated useful life of nine years and trademarks of $4 million with an estimated useful life of ten years in connection with the ProAll acquisition. See Note D – “Acquisitions and Dispositions” for additional information regarding these acquisitions.

For the Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)202420232022
Aggregate Amortization Expense$21 $$

Estimated aggregate intangible asset amortization expense for each of the next five years is as follows (in millions):
2025$82 
202681 
202781 
202881 
202980 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2024Feb 7, 2025Showing above
2023Feb 9, 2024
2022Feb 10, 2023
2021Feb 11, 2022
2020Feb 12, 2021
2019Feb 14, 2020
2018Feb 25, 2019
2016Feb 27, 2017
2015Feb 22, 2016

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.