12. Income Taxes

The following table depicts the loss before income tax benefit by geography:

 

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

United States

 

$

(981,271

)

 

$

(91,482

)

 

$

(55,865

)

Foreign

 

 

(60,458

)

 

 

(37,916

)

 

 

(11,539

)

Loss before income tax benefit

 

$

(1,041,729

)

 

$

(129,398

)

 

$

(67,404

)

Income tax benefit consisted of the following:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Current provision:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

(3,947

)

 

$

(869

)

 

$

 

State

 

 

(1,864

)

 

 

(323

)

 

 

 

Foreign

 

 

(1,895

)

 

 

(2,579

)

 

 

(3,873

)

Total current provision

 

 

(7,706

)

 

 

(3,771

)

 

 

(3,873

)

Deferred benefit:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

 

33,094

 

 

 

10,305

 

 

 

7,933

 

State

 

 

6,223

 

 

 

4,202

 

 

 

2,557

 

Foreign

 

 

1,812

 

 

 

1,799

 

 

 

3,010

 

Total deferred benefit

 

 

41,129

 

 

 

16,306

 

 

 

13,500

 

Income tax benefit

 

$

33,423

 

 

$

12,535

 

 

$

9,627

 

The income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2025 differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to the combined income before provision for income taxes, after the adoption of ASU 2023-09, as follows:

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2025

 

US federal statutory income tax rate

 

$

218,764

 

 

 

21.00

%

Domestic federal

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tax credits

 

 

2,640

 

 

 

0.25

%

Nontaxable and nondeductible items, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

Goodwill impairment

 

 

(176,789

)

 

 

(16.97

)%

Other

 

 

(4,007

)

 

 

(0.38

)%

Effect of cross-border tax laws

 

 

(1,850

)

 

 

(0.18

)%

Other reconciling items

 

 

4,642

 

 

 

0.45

%

Changes in unrecognized tax benefits

 

 

(184

)

 

 

(0.02

)%

Domestic state and local income taxes, net of federal effect*

 

 

2,803

 

 

 

0.27

%

Foreign tax effects

 

 

 

 

 

 

United Kingdom

 

 

 

 

 

 

Goodwill impairment

 

 

(10,580

)

 

 

(1.02

)%

Other

 

 

(1,017

)

 

 

(0.10

)%

Other foreign jurisdictions

 

 

(999

)

 

 

(0.10

)%

Income tax benefit/effective tax rate

 

$

33,423

 

 

 

3.20

%

 

*State taxes in California, Pennsylvania, New York and Georgia made up the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax effect in this category.

The income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 differs from the amounts computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to consolidated loss before income tax benefit, before the adoption of ASU 2023-09, as follows:


 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

Benefit computed at statutory rate

 

$

27,174

 

 

$

14,154

 

 

Increase/(decrease) resulting from:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign tax rate differential

 

 

101

 

 

 

27

 

 

State income tax provision, net of federal benefit

 

 

2,937

 

 

 

2,020

 

 

Change in tax rate

 

 

 

 

 

107

 

 

Change in valuation allowance

 

 

 

 

 

(2,108

)

 

Remeasurement of contingent consideration

 

 

4,712

 

 

 

26,028

 

 

Other

 

 

325

 

 

 

3

 

 

Acquisition costs

 

 

(8,256

)

 

 

(75

)

 

Non-deductible expenditure

 

 

(133

)

 

 

(373

)

 

Goodwill impairment

 

 

(13,909

)

 

 

(29,326

)

 

Movement in uncertain tax positions

 

 

(416

)

 

 

(830

)

 

Income tax benefit

 

$

12,535

 

 

$

9,627

 

 

Informa TechTarget recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amount and the tax basis of assets and liabilities by applying tax rates that are expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. Significant components of deferred taxes are as follows:


 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Deferred tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Property and equipment

 

$

355

 

 

$

67

 

Net operating loss carryforwards

 

 

14,531

 

 

 

3,268

 

Tax credit carryforwards

 

 

2,636

 

 

 

207

 

Employee benefit accruals

 

 

955

 

 

 

963

 

Accruals and allowances

 

 

4,840

 

 

 

3,775

 

Other

 

 

1,922

 

 

 

1,004

 

Interest deductions carried forward

 

 

11,514

 

 

 

10,112

 

Capitalized R&D expenses

 

 

9,444

 

 

 

9,844

 

Operating lease liability

 

 

981

 

 

 

4,285

 

Gross deferred tax assets

 

 

47,178

 

 

 

33,525

 

Less valuation allowance

 

 

(4,172

)

 

 

(722

)

Total deferred tax assets

 

 

43,006

 

 

 

32,803

 

Deferred tax liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Intangible assets

 

 

(139,213

)

 

 

(133,265

)

Internally developed software

 

 

 

 

 

(30,437

)

Right of use assets

 

 

(606

)

 

 

(3,186

)

Unrepatriated earnings

 

 

(491

)

 

 

(174

)

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

 

(140,310

)

 

 

(167,062

)

Net deferred tax liabilities

 

$

(97,304

)

 

$

(134,259

)

The following table represents a roll forward of the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets:

 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Balance at beginning of year

 

$

722

 

 

$

5,027

 

 

$

2,676

 

Decrease through net parent investment

 

 

 

 

 

(5,027

)

 

 

 

Increase in valuation allowance

 

 

3,450

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,351

 

Purchase accounting

 

 

 

 

 

722

 

 

 

 

Balance at end of year

 

$

4,172

 

 

$

722

 

 

$

5,027

 

A valuation allowance has been provided where it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets related to those operating loss carryforwards will not be realized.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company maintained a valuation allowance against a portion of its state net operating loss carryforwards in the United States due to the uncertainty of future profitability in the state.

Compliance with ASC 740 requires the Company to periodically evaluate the necessity of establishing or adjusting a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets depending on whether it is more likely than not that a related tax benefit will be realized in future periods. In evaluating the ability to realize the net deferred tax asset, the Company considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, including past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent fiscal years, tax planning strategies that are prudent and feasible, and forecasts of future taxable income. In considering sources of future taxable income, the Company makes certain assumptions and judgments which are based on the plans and estimates used to manage the underlying business. Changes in our assumptions and estimates, as well as changes in tax rates, may materially impact income tax expense for the period.

As of December 31, 2025, Informa TechTarget had a federal gross net operating loss carryforwards of $20.6 million, state net operating loss carryforwards of $3.1 million, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $30.3 million, which are mainly attributable to the United Kingdom and can be carried forward indefinitely. The state net operating loss carryforwards of $3.1 million will begin to expire in 2034. The federal net operating loss carryforwards of $20.6 million can be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2025 Informa TechTarget had a federal tax credit carryforward of $2.6 million. The research and development tax credit carryforward begins to expire in 2044. The utilization of this tax attribute is limited to future taxable income.

Utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 due to ownership change limitations that have occurred previously or that could occur in the future. These ownership changes may limit the amount of net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax.

The amount of cash taxes paid, net of refunds, by Informa TechTarget during fiscal 2025 is a follows:

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2025

 

United States

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

4,492

 

 

 

56.52

%

State - Massachusetts

 

 

691

 

 

 

8.69

%

Other states and local (each <5%)

 

 

848

 

 

 

10.67

%

Total US

 

 

6,031

 

 

 

75.88

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign (>=5% threshold):

 

 

 

 

 

 

Japan

 

 

900

 

 

 

11.32

%

Singapore

 

 

686

 

 

 

8.63

%

Subtotal - significant foreign

 

 

1,586

 

 

 

19.95

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other foreign jurisdictions (each <5%)

 

 

331

 

 

 

4.18

%

Total foreign

 

 

1,917

 

 

 

24.12

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total income taxes paid (net)

 

$

7,948

 

 

 

100.00

%

The Company's portion of income taxes for U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions prior to the Transactions were deemed settled at the date of the Transaction. Cash paid directly to tax authorities for income taxes was $4.0 million in 2024 and was not significant in 2023.

Unrecognized tax benefits

Informa TechTarget conducts operations globally, and, as part of the global business, it files numerous income tax returns. These returns are routinely examined by various taxing authorities. The Company's global tax positions are reviewed on a quarterly basis. Based on these reviews, the results of discussions and resolutions of matters with certain taxing authorities, tax rulings and court decisions and the expiration of statutes of limitations, unrecognized tax benefits are adjusted as necessary.

Informa TechTarget remain subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for the tax years subsequent to 2021. The Company recognizes benefits from tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the positions. The tax benefits recognized from such positions are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Balance at beginning of year

 

3,008

 

 

 

2,819

 

Gross increases related to current period tax positions

 

496

 

 

 

268

 

Gross reduction related to prior periods tax positions

 

(362

)

 

 

(79

)

Balance at end of year

$

3,142

 

 

$

3,008

 

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits was $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively. Interest and penalties associated with the unrecognized tax benefits are classified as components of income tax expense.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 11, 2026Showing above
2024May 28, 2025

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.