NOTE 14 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

 

Stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1,426,877 and $2,199,046, respectively based on the vesting schedule of the RSUs and Stock Options (“Options”). During the year ended December 31, 2024, 477,574 RSUs vested and were issued to employees and directors. During the year ended December 31, 2023, 397,210 RSUs vested and were issued to employees and directors. No cash flow effects are anticipated for stock grants.

 

The Company’s shareholders approved the 2021 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the “Omnibus Incentive Plan”), which provides for the issuance of incentive stock options, stock grants and stock-based awards to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company to reward and attract employees and compensate the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) and vendors when applicable, up to an aggregate 1,100,000 authorized shares of common stock. In 2023, an additional $1,200,000 shares were authorized by the shareholders. The Omnibus Incentive Plan is administered by the Company’s Board. Grants of RSUs under the Omnibus Incentive Plan are valued at no less than the market price of the stock on the date of grant. The fair value of the options is calculated using the Black-Scholes pricing model based on the estimated market value of the underlying common stock at the valuation measurement date, the remaining contractual term of the options, risk-free interest rate and expected volatility of the price of the underlying common stock of 100%. There is a moderate degree of subjectivity involved when estimating the value of stock options with the Black-Scholes option pricing model as the assumptions used are moderately judgmental. Stock grants and stock options are sometimes offered as part of an employment offer package, to ensure continuity of service or as a reward for performance. Stock grants and stock options typically require a 1 to 3 year period of continued employment or service performance before the stock grant of RSUs or stock option vests.

The following schedule shows grants of RSU activity for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

 

   Number of
Shares
 
Grants unissued as of December 31, 2022   505,009 
Grants awarded   628,523 
Forfeiture/cancelled   (50,066)
Grants vested and issued   (397,210)
Grants vested unissued at year-end   (106,844)
Grants unissued as of December 31, 2023   579,412 
Grants awarded   1,251,051 
Forfeiture/Cancelled   (96,337)
Grants vested and issued   (477,574)
Grants unissued as of December 31, 2024   1,256,552 

 

The following table summarizes grants of RSU vesting periods:

 

Number of

Shares

   

Unrecognized Stock

Compensation Expense

    As of December 31,  
  520,346     $ 717,901       2025  
  403,958     $ 172,605       2026  
  311,748     $ 11,373       2027  
  20,500     $ -       2028  
  1,256,552     $ 901,879          

 

The following schedules show stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

 

  

Number of

Shares

  

Weighted
Average
Remaining

Life (Years)

  

Weighted
Average

Exercise

Price

 
Stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2022   601,427    5.49   $6.84 
Issued   
    0.00   $0.00 
Exercised   
    0.00   $0.00 
Forfeited   (99,598)   0.00   $7.01 
Stock options outstanding at December 31, 2023   501,829    4.67   $6.81 
Stock options exercisable at December 31, 2023   471,288    0.00   $6.70 

 

  

Number of

Shares

  

Weighted
Average
Remaining

Life (Years)

  

Weighted Average

Exercise

Price

 
Stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2023   501,829    4.67   $6.81 
Issued   0    0.00   $
 
Exercised   0    0.00   $
 
Forfeited   (44,609)   0.00   $6.78 
Stock options outstanding at December 31, 2024   457,220    7.85   $6.77 
Stock options exercisable at December 31, 2024   454,452    7.85   $6.82 

 

The following table summarizes stock option vesting periods under the Incentive Plans:

 

Number of
Shares
    Unrecognized Stock
Compensation Expense
    As of December 31,  
  2,768     $ 1,511       2024  

 

The aggregate intrinsic value of the stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024 is $0.

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.