NOTE 15. Share‑Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

The Company's Amended and Restated 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) authorizes the grant of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance awards and other awards that may be settled in or based upon shares of the Company’s Common Stock. The aggregate number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2018 Plan is 6.2 million shares. As of December 31, 2025, 2.7 million shares of Common Stock remained available for issuance under the 2018 Plan.

The Company also maintains the Victory Capital Holdings, Inc. 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP Plan”). Under the Company’s approved offerings under the ESPP Plan, shares of Common Stock are available for purchase at three month calendar intervals at a 5 percent discount from the market price on the purchase date, which is the last day of each calendar quarter during the six month offering period. Amounts purchased by an individual cannot exceed $25,000 worth of stock in any given calendar year. A total of 0.4 million shares of Common Stock is available for issuance under the ESPP Plan. As of December 31, 2025, 0.3 million shares of Common Stock remained available for issuance under the ESPP Plan.

Grant Activity

During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 the Company issued restricted stock awards with the following vesting terms:

 

 

 

Year to Date ended December 31,

 

(shares in thousands)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Vesting Terms

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fully vested on the grant date

 

 

16

 

 

 

24

 

 

 

39

 

Ratably over two years

 

 

58

 

 

 

76

 

 

 

68

 

Ratably over three years

 

 

303

 

 

 

95

 

 

 

259

 

Ratably over four years

 

 

300

 

 

 

291

 

 

 

24

 

Cliff vest after twenty-one months

 

 

 

 

 

47

 

 

 

 

Cliff vest after two years

 

 

45

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

84

 

33% over two years and 67% over one year

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

34

 

67% over two years and 33% over one year

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

32

 

50% over two years and 50% over three years

 

 

12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Restricted Stock Awards Issued

 

 

734

 

 

 

536

 

 

 

540

 

The following tables presents activity during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 related to stock option awards and restricted stock awards.

 

 

 

Shares Subject to Stock Option Awards

 

 

 

Year to Date Ended December 31,

 

(units in thousands)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

 

Avg wtd

 

 

Avg wtd

 

 

 

 

 

Avg wtd

 

 

Avg wtd

 

 

 

 

 

Avg wtd

 

 

Avg wtd

 

 

 

 

 

 

grant-date

 

 

exercise

 

 

 

 

 

grant-date

 

 

exercise

 

 

 

 

 

grant-date

 

 

exercise

 

 

 

 

 

 

fair value

 

 

price

 

 

Units

 

 

fair value

 

 

price

 

 

Units

 

 

fair value

 

 

price

 

 

Units

 

Outstanding at beginning of period

 

$

 

5.08

 

 

$

 

9.94

 

 

 

720

 

 

$

 

4.68

 

 

$

 

8.76

 

 

 

1,802

 

 

$

 

4.31

 

 

$

 

7.57

 

 

 

2,884

 

Forfeited

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.96

 

 

 

 

5.99

 

 

 

(6

)

 

 

 

6.32

 

 

 

 

13.84

 

 

 

(1

)

Exercised

 

 

 

4.80

 

 

 

 

9.02

 

 

 

(137

)

 

 

 

4.42

 

 

 

 

7.99

 

 

 

(1,076

)

 

 

 

3.69

 

 

 

 

5.58

 

 

 

(1,081

)

Outstanding at end of the period

 

$

 

5.14

 

 

$

 

10.15

 

 

 

583

 

 

$

 

5.08

 

 

$

 

9.94

 

 

 

720

 

 

$

 

4.68

 

 

$

 

8.76

 

 

 

1,802

 

Vested

 

$

 

5.27

 

 

$

 

10.55

 

 

 

408

 

 

$

 

5.15

 

 

$

 

10.17

 

 

 

544

 

 

$

 

4.66

 

 

$

 

8.71

 

 

 

1,626

 

Unvested

 

 

 

4.85

 

 

 

 

9.23

 

 

 

175

 

 

 

 

4.85

 

 

 

 

9.23

 

 

 

176

 

 

 

 

4.85

 

 

 

 

9.23

 

 

 

176

 

 

Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised in 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $6.5 million, $43.4 million, and $28.5 million respectively.

 

 

 

Restricted Stock Awards

 

 

 

For Year Ended December 31,

 

(units in thousands)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

 

Avg wtd

 

 

 

 

 

Avg wtd

 

 

 

 

 

Avg wtd

 

 

 

 

 

 

fair value

 

 

Units

 

 

fair value

 

 

Units

 

 

fair value

 

 

Units

 

Unvested at beginning of period

 

$

 

36.67

 

 

 

911

 

 

$

 

30.39

 

 

 

853

 

 

$

 

25.38

 

 

 

1,153

 

Granted

 

 

 

59.62

 

 

 

734

 

 

 

 

41.71

 

 

 

536

 

 

 

 

30.25

 

 

 

540

 

Vested

 

 

 

34.93

 

 

 

(441

)

 

 

 

31.00

 

 

 

(462

)

 

 

 

22.96

 

 

 

(786

)

Forfeited

 

 

 

37.95

 

 

 

(62

)

 

 

 

34.46

 

 

 

(16

)

 

 

 

29.55

 

 

 

(54

)

Unvested at end of period

 

$

 

52.00

 

 

 

1,142

 

 

$

 

36.67

 

 

 

911

 

 

$

 

30.39

 

 

 

853

 

 

Share‑based compensation expense for equity awards is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and recognized over the requisite employee service period. Stock option awards have a ten year contractual life.

The Company uses the Common Stock closing price on the grant date as the grant date fair value of restricted share awards. For stock option awards, the grant date fair value of stock option awards is computed using Black‑Scholes option pricing framework.

Share-based Compensation Expense

Share-based compensation expense is included within personnel compensation and benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense, related tax benefits, and the total fair value of restricted share awards vested.

 

 

Year to Date ended December 31,

 

(in thousands)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Share-based compensation expense

 

$

20,442

 

 

$

15,220

 

 

$

16,548

 

Share-based compensation related tax benefits

 

 

4,702

 

 

 

3,698

 

 

 

4,021

 

Total fair value of restricted share awards vested

 

 

25,337

 

 

 

19,459

 

 

 

23,123

 

As of December 31, 2025, the Company expects to recognize total share-based compensation expense of $42.2 million over a weighted average period of 2.1 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options currently exercisable at December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $21.5 million, $30.1 million and $41.6 million, respectively.

Shares Withheld for net settlement of employee equity awards

Shares of Common Stock are available for issuance under the 2018 Plan as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s board of directors. Shares underlying awards that are settled in cash, expire or are canceled, forfeited or otherwise terminated without delivery to a participant will again be available for issuance under the 2018 Plan. In addition, shares withheld or surrendered in connection with the payment of an exercise price of an award or to satisfy tax withholding will again be available for issuance under the 2018 Plan.

 

The following table presents both share and dollar value information about shares withheld for net settlement of employee equity awards:

 

 

For the years ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total number of shares net settled

 

 

217

 

 

 

742

 

 

 

786

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Employee tax obligations satisfied

 

$

11,774

 

 

$

26,408

 

 

$

18,654

 

Employee stock option costs satisfied

 

 

1,218

 

 

 

8,335

 

 

 

5,791

 

Total withheld related to net settlement of equity awards

 

$

12,992

 

 

$

34,743

 

 

$

24,445

 

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 28, 2025
2023Feb 29, 2024
2022Mar 6, 2023
2021Mar 14, 2022
2020Mar 15, 2021

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.