7 – Intangible Assets, Net

The components of intangible assets, net were as follows:
December 31, 2025
GrossNet
CarryingAccumulatedIntangible
(Dollars in millions)AmountAmortizationAssets
Developed and Acquired Technology$704 $(586)$118 
Trade Names409 (242)167 
Intangible Assets, Net$1,113 $(828)$285 
December 31, 2024
GrossNet
CarryingAccumulatedIntangible
(Dollars in millions)AmountAmortizationAssets
Developed and Acquired Technology$718 $(592)$126 
Trade Names400 (201)199 
Intangible Assets, Net$1,118 $(793)$325 
Amortization expense was $59 million, $158 million and $156 million in 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The decrease in amortization expense for 2025 was primarily due to full amortization of certain intangible assets as of December 31, 2024. Based on the carrying value of intangible assets at December 31, 2025, amortization expense for the subsequent five years is estimated as follows (dollars in millions):
PeriodAmount
2026
$63 
2027
62 
2028
61 
2029
55 
203015 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 4, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 6, 2025
2023Feb 7, 2024
2022Feb 8, 2023
2020Feb 19, 2021
2019Mar 16, 2020
2018Feb 15, 2019
2017Feb 14, 2018
2016Feb 15, 2017
2015Feb 16, 2016

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.