11.     Income Taxes:

Income from continuing operations before income taxes included the following components:

Year Ended

  ​ ​ ​

December 27, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

December 28, 2024

  ​ ​ ​

December 30, 2023

Domestic

$

45,313,700

$

43,982,300

$

44,672,200

Foreign

7,821,900

7,241,700

6,689,100

Income from continuing operations before taxes

$

53,135,600

$

51,224,000

$

51,361,300

Income tax expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements differed from the expected expense as follows:

Year Ended

 

  ​ ​ ​

December 27, 2025 (1)

  ​ ​ ​

December 28, 2024 (2)

  ​ ​ ​

December 30, 2023 (3)

 

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

U.S. Federal income tax expense
at statutory rate

$

11,158,500

21.0

%

$

10,757,000

21.0

%

$

10,785,900

21.0

%

Increase (decrease) attributed to:

State and local income taxes

 

1,326,300

2.4

 

1,294,200

2.5

 

1,293,500

2.7

Foreign tax effects

 

 

 

Canada:

Withholding tax

759,500

1.4

706,100

1.4

665,200

1.3

Effect of cross-border tax laws

(369,400)

(0.7)

(360,900)

(0.7)

(369,000)

(0.7)

Tax credits

Foreign tax credits

(759,500)

(1.4)

(706,100)

(1.4)

(665,200)

(1.3)

Changes in valuation allowances

374,500

0.7

180,000

0.4

(485,700)

(0.9)

Nontaxable or nondeductible items

Stock compensation

(1,384,500)

(2.6)

(1,109,200)

(2.2)

(958,800)

(1.9)

Other

252,500

0.5

242,900

0.5

245,600

0.5

Changes in unrecognized tax benefits

186,500

0.4

258,500

0.5

240,100

0.5

Other reconciling items

 

(62,900)

(0.1)

7,300

 

431,600

0.8

Total income tax expense,
Effective income tax rate

$

11,481,500

21.6

%

$

11,269,800

22.0

%

$

11,183,200

22.0

%

(1)In 2025, state taxes in Minnesota, Pennsylvania, California, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan made up the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax effect in the state and local income taxes category.
(2)In 2024, state taxes in Minnesota, Pennsylvania, California, Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Florida made up the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax effect in the state and local income taxes category.
(3)In 2023, state taxes in Minnesota, Pennsylvania, California, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan made up the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax effect in the state and local income taxes category.

Income taxes paid were as follows:

Year Ended

  ​ ​ ​

December 27, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

December 28, 2024

  ​ ​ ​

December 30, 2023

Federal

$

9,322,900

$

8,900,000

$

8,670,000

State(1)

1,732,300

1,562,700

1,539,100

Foreign

Canada

 

759,500

 

706,000

 

665,200

Total income taxes paid

$

11,814,700

$

11,168,700

$

10,874,300

(1)Income taxes paid (net of refunds) did not exceed five percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds) in any one jurisdiction in 2025, 2024, or 2023.

Components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:

Year Ended

 

  ​ ​ ​

December 27, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

December 28, 2024

  ​ ​ ​

December 30, 2023

 

Current:

Federal

$

9,382,500

$

8,840,600

$

9,237,600

State

 

1,734,300

 

2,025,500

 

1,883,900

Foreign

 

560,300

 

563,000

 

573,800

Current provision

 

11,677,100

 

11,429,100

 

11,695,300

Deferred:

Federal

 

(122,800)

 

(108,900)

 

(504,700)

State

 

(72,800)

 

(50,400)

 

(7,400)

Deferred provision

 

(195,600)

 

(159,300)

 

(512,100)

Total provision for income taxes

$

11,481,500

$

11,269,800

$

11,183,200

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the net deferred income tax assets and liabilities are presented below:

  ​ ​ ​

December 27, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

December 28, 2024

 

Deferred tax assets:

Accounts receivable and lease reserves

$

100

$

100

Non-qualified stock option expense

 

2,222,100

 

1,942,000

Deferred revenue

 

1,800,000

 

1,728,100

Trademarks

 

41,400

 

40,200

Lease revenue and initial direct costs

21,300

Foreign tax credits

761,600

597,300

Operating lease liabilities

 

735,500

 

884,500

Other

468,900

348,300

Valuation allowance

 

(923,600)

 

(530,000)

Total deferred tax assets

 

5,106,000

 

5,031,800

Deferred tax liabilities:

Depreciation and amortization

 

(699,500)

 

(820,000)

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

(699,500)

 

(820,000)

Total net deferred tax assets

$

4,406,500

$

4,211,800

The Company has assessed its taxable earnings history and prospective future taxable income. Based upon this assessment, the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will be realized in future periods and no valuation allowance is necessary, except for the deferred tax assets related to the foreign tax credits and non-qualified stock option expense. The foreign tax credits will expire after 10 years. As a result, valuation allowances of $923,600 and $530,000 as of December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, respectively, have been recorded.

The amount of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, as of December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, was $1,893,200 and $1,663,400, respectively, primarily for potential state taxes. All of these unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate.

The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties as income tax expense for all periods presented. The Company had accrued approximately $448,700 and $369,100 for the payment of interest and penalties at December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024, respectively.

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits:

  ​ ​ ​

Total

 

Balance at December 30, 2023

$

1,083,100

Increases related to current year tax positions

 

283,100

Expiration of the statute of limitations for the assessment of taxes

 

(71,900)

Balance at December 28, 2024

1,294,300

Increases related to current year tax positions

 

282,300

Expiration of the statute of limitations for the assessment of taxes

 

(132,300)

Balance at December 27, 2025

$

1,444,300

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal, numerous state and certain foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2021. The Internal Revenue Service concluded its examination of our U.S. federal tax return for the 2022 tax year in 2025. We expect various statutes of limitation to expire during the next 12 months. Due to the uncertain response of taxing authorities, a range of outcomes cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 25, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 26, 2025
2023Feb 28, 2024
2022Mar 10, 2023
2021Mar 8, 2022
2020Mar 9, 2021
2019Mar 10, 2020
2018Mar 8, 2019
2017Mar 9, 2018
2016Mar 10, 2017
2015Mar 8, 2016

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.