Revenue recognition
. Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in the contract with a customer, adjusted for any applicable estimates of variable consideration and other factors affecting the transaction price, including noncash consideration, consideration paid or payable to customers and significant financing components. While most of the Company's revenue is contracted with customers through
one
-time purchase orders and short-term contracts, the Company does have long-term arrangements with certain customers. Revenue from all customers is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a distinct good or service to a customer.
Individually promised goods and services in a contract are considered a distinct performance obligation and accounted for separately if the customer can benefit from the individual good or service on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer and the good or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the arrangement. When an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations, the consideration is allocated between the performance obligations in proportion to their estimated standalone selling price. Costs related to products delivered are recognized in the period incurred, unless criteria for capitalization of costs are met. Costs of revenues consist primarily of direct labor, manufacturing overhead, materials and components. The Company does
not
incur significant upfront costs to obtain a contract. If costs to obtain a contract were to become material, the costs would be recorded as an asset and amortized to expense in a manner consistent with the related recognition of revenue.
The Company excludes from revenue governmental assessed and imposed taxes on revenue transactions that are invoiced to customers. The Company includes freight billed to customers in revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of goods sold.
The Company sells its products to both distributors and end-users. Each unit of product delivered under a customer order represents a distinct and separate performance obligation as the customer can benefit from each unit on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer and each unit of product is separately identifiable from other products in the arrangement.
The transaction price for the Company's products is the invoiced amount. The Company does
not
have variable consideration in the form of refunds, credits, rebates, price concessions, pricing incentives or other items impacting transaction price. The purchase order pricing in arrangements with customers is deemed to approximate standalone selling price; therefore, the Company does
not
need to allocate proceeds on a relative standalone selling price allocation between performance obligations. The Company does
not
disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of
one
year or less. There are
no
material obligations that extend beyond
one
year.
The Company estimates returns based on an analysis of historical experience if the right to return products is granted to its customers. The Company does
not
record a return asset as non-conforming products are generally
not
returned. The Company's return policy does
not
vary by geography. The customer has
no
rotation or price protection rights.
Trade receivables.
Trade receivables include amounts invoiced and currently due from customers and are
financial instruments that also expose the Company to concentration of credit risk. The large number of customers comprising the Company's customer base and their dispersion across different geographic areas limits such exposure.
The amounts due are stated at their net estimated realizable value. The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts to provide for the estimated amount of receivables that will
not
be collected and
adequately provide for credit losses. T
he allowance is based on a review of all outstanding amounts on an on-going basis. Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating individual customer receivables and considers a customer's financial condition, credit history, and current economic conditions. Trade receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade receivables previously written off are recorded when received. Accounts are considered past due if payment is
not
received according to agreed-upon terms.
A small percentage of the trade receivables balance is denominated in a foreign currency with
no
concentration in any given country. At the end of each reporting period, the Company analyzes the receivable balance for customers paying in a foreign currency. These balances are adjusted to each quarter or year-end spot rate. Foreign currency transactions and translation adjustments did
not
have a significant effect on the Balance Sheets, the Statements of Operations, Stockholders' Equity or Cash Flows for
2020
and
2019.
Sales commissions.
Sales commissions paid to sales representatives are eligible for capitalization as they are incremental costs that would
not
have been incurred without entering into a specific sales arrangement and are recoverable through the expected margin on the transaction. The Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred, as the amortization period of the assets that would have otherwise been recognized is
one
year or less. The Company records these costs in selling, general, and administrative expense.
Product warranties.
The Company offers warranties on various products and services. These warranties are assurance type warranties that are
not
sold on a standalone basis; therefore, they are
not
considered distinct performance obligations. The Company estimates the costs that
may
be incurred under its warranties and records a liability in the amount of such costs at the time the revenue is recognized for the product sale.