ACNB CORPACNB
ACNB CORP Fair Value Disclosure
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received to sell the asset or transfer the liability in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions.
Fair value measurement establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation methods used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 — Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported with little or no market activity).
An asset or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The following tables present assets measured at fair value and the basis of measurement used at December 31:
| 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Basis | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities with readily determinable fair values | Recurring | $ | 949 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 949 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| AFS Investment Securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government and agencies | — | 59,352 | — | 59,352 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Collateralized mortgage obligations | — | 74,030 | — | 74,030 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | — | 173,688 | — | 173,688 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | 122,209 | — | 122,209 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State and municipal | — | 8,450 | — | 8,450 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | — | 29,165 | — | 29,165 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total AFS Investment Securities | Recurring | $ | — | $ | 466,894 | $ | — | $ | 466,894 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans held for sale | Recurring | — | 28,170 | — | 28,170 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative financial instruments - assets | Recurring | — | 5,159 | — | 5,159 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Individually evaluated loans | Non-recurring | — | — | 550 | 550 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreclosed assets held for resale | Non-recurring | — | — | 19 | 19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative financial instruments - liabilities | Recurring | $ | — | $ | 3,816 | $ | — | $ | 3,816 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Basis | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities with readily determinable fair values | Recurring | $ | 919 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 919 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| AFS Investment Securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government and agencies | — | 143,193 | — | 143,193 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Collateralized mortgage obligations | — | 35,654 | — | 35,654 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | — | 138,540 | — | 138,540 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | 60,785 | — | 60,785 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | — | 15,803 | — | 15,803 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total AFS Investment Securities | Recurring | $ | — | $ | 393,975 | $ | — | $ | 393,975 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans held for sale | Recurring | — | 426 | — | 426 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Individually evaluated loans | Non-recurring | — | — | 1,690 | 1,690 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreclosed assets held for resale | Non-recurring | — | — | 438 | 438 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The valuation techniques used to measure fair value for the items in the preceding tables are as follows:
Equity securities — The fair value of equity securities with readily determinable fair values is recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Condition, with realized and unrealized gains and losses reported in noninterest income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. They are classified as Level 1 assets.
Available for sale investment securities — Included in this asset category are debt and pass through securities. Level 2 investment securities are valued by a third-party pricing service. The pricing service uses pricing models that vary based on asset class and incorporate available market information, including quoted prices of investment securities with similar characteristics. Because many fixed income securities do not trade on a daily basis, pricing models use available information, as applicable, through processes such as benchmark yield curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing. Standard market inputs include: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data, including market research publications. For certain security types, additional inputs may be used, or some of the standard market inputs may not be applicable.
• U.S. Government and agencies — Fair values are determined by a third-party pricing service, as detailed above. These debt securities are classified as Level 2.
• Collateralized mortgage obligations, Mortgage-backed securities and State and Municipal Securities — Fair values are determined by a third-party pricing service, as detailed above. These debt securities are classified as Level 2.
• Corporate bonds — This category consists of subordinated and senior debt issued by financial institutions and the fair values for these corporate debt securities are determined by a third-party pricing service, as detailed above. They are classified as Level 2 investments.
Loans held for sale — This category includes mortgage loans held for sale that are measured at fair value utilizing Level 2 measurements. Fair values are measured as the price that secondary market investors were offering for loans with similar characteristics.
Derivative financial instruments — Derivative financial instruments include interest rate lock commitments, forward commitments and interest rate derivatives. The fair value of interest rate lock commitments is derived from the value of the underlying loans, adjusted for changes in market interest rates relative to the committed rate. The fair value of forward commitments is based on quoted prices for mortgage-backed securities with similar characteristics. The fair value of interest rate derivatives are based upon broker quotes. The fair value of both the assets and the related liabilities are determined in the same manner and are all classified as Level 2 assets.
Individually evaluated loans — This category consists of loans that were individually evaluated for impairment and have a specific reserve. They are classified as Level 3 assets.
Foreclosed assets held for resale — This category consists of foreclosed assets that are held for resale and classified as Level 3 assets, for which the fair values were based on estimated selling prices less estimated selling costs for similar assets in active markets.
The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for which the Corporation has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value as of December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | Fair Value Estimate | Valuation Technique1 | Unobservable Input2 | Range | Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Individually evaluated loans | $ | 550 | Appraisal of collateral | Appraisal adjustments | 16%-100% | 43% | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreclosed assets held for resale | 19 | Appraisal of collateral | Appraisal adjustments | 3% | 3% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Individually evaluated loans | $ | 1,690 | Appraisal of collateral | Appraisal adjustments | 16%-100% | 47% | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreclosed assets held for resale | 438 | Appraisal of collateral | Appraisal adjustments | 17% - 53% | 50% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
__________________________________________________
1 Fair value is generally determined through management’s estimate or independent third-party appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally includes various Level 3 inputs which are not observable.
2 Appraisals may be adjusted downward by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. The range of liquidation expenses and other appraisal adjustments are presented as a percentage of the appraisal. Higher downward adjustments are caused by negative changes to the collateral or conditions in the real estate market, actual offers or sales contracts received, and/or age of the appraisal.
The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Corporation since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities. Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Corporation’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Corporation could have realized in a sales transaction on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of their respective reporting dates and have not been reevaluated or updated for purposes of these Consolidated Financial Statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported at each period end. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Corporation’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.
The following tables present the carrying amount and the estimated fair value of the Corporation’s financial instruments as of December 31:
| 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Amount | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | $ | 20,611 | $ | 20,611 | $ | 20,611 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits with banks | 45,037 | 45,037 | 45,037 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities with readily determinable fair values | 949 | 949 | 949 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment securities AFS | 466,894 | 466,894 | — | 466,894 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment securities HTM | 63,288 | 57,537 | — | 57,537 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans held for sale | 28,170 | 28,170 | — | 28,170 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans, net | 2,306,842 | 2,294,388 | — | — | 2,294,388 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued interest receivable | 10,950 | 10,950 | — | 10,950 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted investment in bank stocks | 14,237 | N/A | — | N/A | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5,159 | 5,159 | — | 5,159 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits, savings, and money market | $ | 1,997,256 | $ | 1,997,256 | $ | — | $ | 1,997,256 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 452,929 | 448,051 | — | 448,051 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities sold under repurchase agreements | 16,129 | 16,129 | — | 16,129 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Federal funds purchased | 3,611 | 3,611 | — | 3,611 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHLB advances | 280,000 | 282,910 | — | 282,910 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trust preferred and subordinated debt | 20,376 | 19,626 | — | 19,626 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued interest payable | 2,186 | 2,186 | — | 2,186 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3,816 | 3,816 | — | 3,816 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Amount | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | $ | 16,352 | $ | 16,352 | $ | 16,352 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits with banks | 30,910 | 30,910 | 30,910 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities with readily determinable fair values | 919 | 919 | 919 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment securities available for sale | 393,975 | 393,975 | — | 393,975 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment securities held to maturity | 64,578 | 56,924 | — | 56,924 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans held for sale | 426 | 426 | — | 426 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans, net | 1,665,630 | 1,635,351 | — | — | 1,635,351 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued interest receivable | 8,189 | 8,189 | — | 8,189 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted investment in bank stocks | 10,853 | N/A | — | N/A | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits, savings, and money market | $ | 1,519,473 | $ | 1,269,889 | $ | — | $ | 1,269,889 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 273,028 | 267,336 | — | 267,336 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities sold under repurchase agreements | 15,826 | 16,435 | — | 16,435 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHLB advances | 235,000 | 235,290 | — | 235,290 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trust preferred and subordinated debt | 20,333 | 18,420 | — | 18,420 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued interest payable | 1,551 | 1,551 | — | 1,551 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Historical Timeline
| Fiscal Year | Filed | |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Mar 12, 2026 | Showing above |
| 2024 | Mar 14, 2025 | |
| 2023 | Mar 14, 2024 | |
| 2022 | Mar 3, 2023 | |
| 2021 | Mar 14, 2022 | |
| 2020 | Mar 5, 2021 | |
| 2019 | Mar 6, 2020 | |
| 2018 | Mar 8, 2019 | |
| 2017 | Mar 9, 2018 | |
| 2016 | Mar 15, 2017 | |
| 2015 | Mar 4, 2016 | |
About Fair Value Disclosures
Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.
Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.