Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp Income Taxes Disclosure

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses (“NOLs”), temporary differences and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is “more likely than not.” Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on our ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. Because of our history of operating losses, management believes that recognition of the deferred tax assets arising from the above-mentioned future tax benefits is currently not likely to be realized and, accordingly, has provided a valuation allowance. The valuation allowance increased by $5.8 million and $33.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Federal tax laws impose substantial restrictions on the utilization of NOL and credit carryforwards in the event of an ownership change, as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Accordingly, our ability to utilize these carryforwards may be limited due to such ownership changes. We have completed a Section 382 analysis for changes in ownership through December 31, 2023 and continue to monitor for changes that could trigger a limitation. Based on this analysis, we do not expect to have any permanent limitations on the utilization of our federal NOLs. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“TCJA”) federal income tax law, federal NOLs incurred in 2018 and future years may be carried forward indefinitely, but the deductibility of such federal NOLs is subject to an annual limitation. NOLs generated prior to 2018 are eligible to be carried forward up to 20 years. As of December 31, 2025, we had U.S. federal NOLs of $192.5 million and U.S. federal tax credits of $53.4 million that will begin to expire in 2028. We also had $915.4 million of NOLs as of December 31, 2025 that do not expire.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09. We adopted this update starting with the year ended December 31, 2025, and all prior periods presented have been conformed to the additional disclosure requirements, as applicable.

We account for global intangible low-taxed income as period costs when incurred. No cash taxes were paid for 2025, 2024 and 2023. The majority of our operations were in the State of Washington.

We recognize, in the consolidated financial statements, the effect of a tax position when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. We had unrecognized tax benefits of $11.7 million as of December 31, 2025.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, we recognized uncertain tax positions of $1.0 million, $1.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively, related to a reduction of the research and development credit deferred tax asset. Unrecognized tax benefits may change during the next twelve months for items that arise in the ordinary course of business. We do not expect a material change to our unrecognized tax benefits over the next twelve months that would have an adverse effect on our operating results.

We recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. We had no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

We file federal and certain state income tax returns, which provide varying statutes of limitations on assessments. However, because of NOL carryforwards, substantially all tax years since inception remain open to federal and state tax examination.

In July 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted in the U.S. The OBBBA includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the TCJA and immediate expensing of domestic research and development costs, with retroactive application beginning January 1, 2025. The enactment of the legislation did not have a material impact on our income tax rate during the year ended December 31, 2025 and is not expected to have a material impact on our income tax rate in future years.