8. Fair Value Measurements

Certain non-financial assets, such as intangible assets and property, equipment and software, are remeasured at fair value only if an impairment is recognized in the current period.

Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Prior to the Company's IPO completed in July 2025, the Company’s outstanding common and preferred stock warrants were classified as Level 3 liabilities and remeasured at fair value at each reporting date, with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. In connection with the IPO, all outstanding warrants were either exercised or expired. As a result, the Company had no financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2025.

Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Some of the Company’s financial instruments are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis but are recorded at amounts that are approximate fair value due to their liquid or short-term nature. Such financial assets and financial liabilities include cash and cash equivalents, including money market deposits, accounts receivables, certain other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities.

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.