NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

 

The following tables present information about the Company’s liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques that the Company utilized to determine such fair value:

 

The fair value of financial instruments on December 31, 2025 is summarized below:

 

Description  Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)   Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)   Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) 
Liabilities:               
Derivative liabilities-public warrants  $-   $658,800   $- 
Derivative liabilities-private warrants  $-   $487,573   $- 
Derivative liabilities-earnout shares  $-   $-   $- 
Derivative liabilities-sponsor earnout shares  $-   $-   $- 
Total  $-   $1,146,373   $- 
                
Mezzanine Equity:               
Series C preferred stock  $-   $-   $41,170,508 

 

The fair value of financial instruments on December 31, 2024 is summarized below:

 

Description  Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)   Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)   Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) 
Liabilities:               
Derivative liabilities-public warrants  $-   $-   $1,020,000 
Derivative liabilities-private warrants  $-   $-   $930,053 
Derivative liabilities-earnout shares  $-   $-   $785,351 
Derivative liabilities-sponsor earnout shares  $-   $-   $267,733 
Total  $-   $-   $3,003,137 
                
Mezzanine Equity:               
Series C preferred stock  $-   $-   $71,809,025 

 

The initial and subsequent fair values of the Public Warrants issued in connection with the Initial Public Offering and the fair value of the Private Placement Warrants have been estimated using a Black-Scholes model. For the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized a gain in the statement of operations resulting from an decrease in the fair value of warrant liabilities of $803,680 for the year ended December 31, 2025 and recognized a loss in the statement of operations resulting from an increase in the fair value of warrant liabilities of $397,553 for the year ended December 31, 2024, presented as change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

 

The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 fair value measurements inputs at their measurement dates: December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

   December 31, 2025   December 31, 2024 
Exercise price  $11.5000   $11.5000 
Stock price  $0.4601   $3.0000 
Public warrant price  $0.0549   $0.0850 
Volatility   92.40%   33.50%
Risk-free rate   3.64%   4.38%
Dividend yield   0.00%   0.00%

 

The initial fair value of the Company Earnout Shares and the fair value of the Sponsor Earnout Shares have been estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model. For the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized a gain in the statement of operations resulting from a decrease in the fair value of liabilities of approximately $1,053,084 and $18,731,514, respectively, presented as change in fair value of derivative earnout shares and sponsor earnout shares liabilities on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

 

 

The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 fair value measurements inputs at their measurement dates: December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

   December 31, 2025   December 31, 2024 
Stock price  $0.4601   $3.0000 
Volatility   25.80%   33.50%
Risk-free rate   3.64%   4.38%
Dividend yield   0.00%   0.00%

 

The initial fair value of the Series C Preferred Stock has been estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model at the business combination date of December 13, 2024. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized the fair value of the Series C Preferred Stock of approximately $71,809,025, presented as mezzanine equity on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

 

The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 fair value measurements inputs at the measurement date: December 13, 2024:

 

   December 13, 2024 
Stock price  $9.50 
Volatility   26.50%
Risk-free rate   4.25%
Dividend yield   0.00%

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 31, 2026Showing above
2024Apr 15, 2025
2023May 14, 2024
2022Apr 19, 2023
2021Mar 31, 2022

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.