Note 10. Segment Reporting

The Company operates and manages its business as one reportable and operating segment, which is the business of developing small molecule drugs to treat patients with metabolic diseases. The Company’s interim chief executive officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. All long-lived assets are maintained in, and all losses are attributable to, the United States of America.

Below is the breakdown of the Company’s research and development and general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

External costs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clinical research organization expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

COVALENT - 101

 

$

2,162

 

 

$

2,386

 

 

$

7,380

 

COVALENT - 102

 

 

1,140

 

 

 

205

 

 

 

3,415

 

COVALENT - 103

 

 

3,561

 

 

 

3,710

 

 

 

2,007

 

COVALENT - 111

 

 

4,345

 

 

 

22,489

 

 

 

14,670

 

COVALENT - 112

 

 

1,131

 

 

 

5,048

 

 

 

1,306

 

COVALENT - 211

 

 

87

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

COVALENT - 212

 

 

67

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GLP - 131

 

 

774

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other clinical related expenses

 

 

6,331

 

 

 

14,262

 

 

 

7,320

 

Preclinical activities related expenses

 

 

6,037

 

 

 

11,815

 

 

 

10,165

 

Expenses related to manufacturing of clinical and research material

 

 

2,848

 

 

 

7,262

 

 

 

13,237

 

Other external costs

 

 

6,935

 

 

 

10,948

 

 

 

5,528

 

Internal costs:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Personnel-related expenses (including
   stock-based compensation)

 

 

20,563

 

 

 

31,856

 

 

 

28,838

 

Facilities and other allocated expenses

 

 

5,998

 

 

 

8,104

 

 

 

8,680

 

Total research and development expenses

 

$

61,979

 

 

$

118,085

 

 

$

102,546

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

External costs

 

$

5,814

 

 

$

6,488

 

 

$

5,007

 

Internal costs:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Personnel-related expenses (including
   stock-based compensation)

 

 

11,902

 

 

 

17,768

 

 

 

16,466

 

Facilities and other allocated expenses

 

 

1,612

 

 

 

1,729

 

 

 

2,116

 

Total general and administrative expenses

 

$

19,328

 

 

$

25,985

 

 

$

23,589

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Impairment of long-lived assets

 

$

2,205

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

Reconciliation of segment loss from operations to net loss:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Loss from operations of reportable segments

 

$

(83,512

)

 

$

(144,070

)

 

$

(126,135

)

Change in fair value of common warrant liability

 

 

19,857

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

 

1,858

 

 

 

5,644

 

 

 

8,880

 

Net loss

 

$

(61,797

)

 

$

(138,426

)

 

$

(117,255

)

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Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 24, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 31, 2025

About Segments Disclosures

Segment disclosures break a company into its reportable operating units, revealing revenue, profit, and asset allocation that consolidated financial statements obscure. Under ASC 280, segments must match how the chief operating decision maker views the business, providing a window into internal management structure and resource allocation priorities.

Key signals: compare segment margins to identify which units drive profitability and which destroy value. Watch for changes in the number of reportable segments — segment aggregation or disaggregation often coincides with strategic shifts or attempts to obscure declining performance. Intersegment elimination patterns reveal internal pricing practices. The reconciliation between segment totals and consolidated figures exposes corporate overhead allocation and unallocated items. Geographic revenue concentration highlights regulatory and currency exposure. Compare segment-level capital expenditure against segment revenue to assess where management is investing for future growth versus harvesting existing assets.