BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC Fair Value Disclosure
Our significant financial assets and liabilities are summarized below, with fair values shown according to the fair value hierarchy (in millions). The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, U.S. Treasury Bills, other receivables and accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities are considered to be reasonable estimates of or otherwise approximate the fair values.
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Carrying |
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Fair Value |
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Level 1 |
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Level 2 |
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Level 3 |
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December 31, 2025 |
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Investments in fixed maturity securities: |
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U.S. Treasury, U.S. government corporations and |
|
$ |
3,849 |
|
|
$ |
3,849 |
|
|
$ |
3,815 |
|
|
$ |
34 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
Foreign governments |
|
|
12,542 |
|
|
|
12,542 |
|
|
|
12,411 |
|
|
|
131 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Corporate and other |
|
|
1,425 |
|
|
|
1,425 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
983 |
|
|
|
442 |
|
Investments in equity securities |
|
|
297,778 |
|
|
|
297,778 |
|
|
|
288,232 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
9,536 |
|
Investments in Kraft Heinz & Occidental common |
|
|
19,528 |
|
|
|
18,791 |
|
|
|
18,791 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Loans and finance receivables |
|
|
29,836 |
|
|
|
30,532 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
294 |
|
|
|
30,238 |
|
Other assets |
|
|
141 |
|
|
|
141 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
Other liabilities |
|
|
188 |
|
|
|
188 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
Notes payable and other borrowings: |
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Insurance and other |
|
|
45,763 |
|
|
|
40,924 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
40,892 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
Railroad, utilities and energy |
|
|
83,318 |
|
|
|
76,803 |
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|
|
— |
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76,803 |
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|
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— |
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December 31, 2024 |
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Investments in fixed maturity securities: |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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U.S. Treasury, U.S. government corporations and |
|
$ |
4,459 |
|
|
$ |
4,459 |
|
|
$ |
4,425 |
|
|
$ |
34 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
Foreign governments |
|
|
9,362 |
|
|
|
9,362 |
|
|
|
9,199 |
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Corporate and other |
|
|
1,543 |
|
|
|
1,543 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,041 |
|
|
|
502 |
|
Investments in equity securities |
|
|
271,588 |
|
|
|
271,588 |
|
|
|
261,910 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
9,668 |
|
Investments in Kraft Heinz & Occidental common |
|
|
30,682 |
|
|
|
23,047 |
|
|
|
23,047 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Loans and finance receivables |
|
|
27,798 |
|
|
|
27,579 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
810 |
|
|
|
26,769 |
|
Other assets |
|
|
201 |
|
|
|
201 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
Other liabilities |
|
|
234 |
|
|
|
234 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
143 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
Notes payable and other borrowings: |
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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Insurance and other |
|
|
44,885 |
|
|
|
40,181 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
40,158 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
Railroad, utilities and energy |
|
|
79,877 |
|
|
|
72,506 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
72,506 |
|
|
|
— |
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The fair values of substantially all of our financial instruments were measured using market or income approaches. The hierarchy for measuring fair value consists of Levels 1 through 3, which are described below.
Level 1 – Inputs represent unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities exchanged in active markets.
Level 2 – Inputs include directly or indirectly observable inputs (other than Level 1 inputs) such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities exchanged in active or inactive markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities exchanged in inactive markets; other inputs that may be considered in fair value determinations of the assets or liabilities, such as interest rates and yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. Pricing evaluations generally reflect discounted expected future cash flows, which incorporate yield curves for instruments with similar characteristics, such as credit ratings, estimated durations and yields for other instruments of the issuer or entities in the same industry sector.
Level 3 – Inputs include unobservable inputs used in the measurement of assets and liabilities. Management is required to use its own assumptions regarding unobservable inputs because there is little, if any, market activity in the assets or liabilities and it may be unable to corroborate the related observable inputs. Unobservable inputs require management to make certain projections and assumptions about the information that would be used by market participants in valuing assets or liabilities.
Reconciliations of our significant assets and liabilities measured and carried at fair value on a recurring basis with the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for each of the three years ending December 31, 2025 follow (in millions).
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|
Balance at the |
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Gains (losses) |
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Dispositions |
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Balance at the |
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: |
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2025 |
|
$ |
9,663 |
|
|
$ |
(134 |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
9,529 |
|
2024 |
|
|
10,468 |
|
|
|
(805 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
9,663 |
|
2023 |
|
|
12,169 |
|
|
|
(40 |
) |
|
|
(1,661 |
) |
|
|
10,468 |
|
Quantitative information as of December 31, 2025 for the significant assets measured and carried at fair value on a recurring basis with the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) follows (dollars in millions).
|
|
Fair |
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|
Principal |
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Unobservable |
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Weighted |
|
Investments in equity securities: |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock |
|
$ |
8,805 |
|
|
Discounted cash flow |
|
Expected duration |
|
4 years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discount for illiquidity and subordination |
|
325 bps |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock warrants |
|
|
724 |
|
|
Warrant pricing model |
|
Expected duration |
|
5 years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Volatility |
|
43% |
|
Investments in equity securities in the preceding table include our investments in certain preferred and common stock warrants, which do not have readily determinable market values as defined by GAAP. These investments are private placements and are not traded in securities markets. We applied discounted cash flow techniques in valuing the preferred stock and we made assumptions regarding the expected duration of the investment and the effects of illiquidity and subordination in liquidation. In valuing the common stock warrants, we used a warrant valuation model. While most of the inputs to the warrant model are observable, we made assumptions regarding the expected duration and volatility.
Historical Timeline
| Fiscal Year | Filed | |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Mar 2, 2026 | Showing above |
| 2024 | Feb 24, 2025 | |
| 2023 | Feb 26, 2024 | |
| 2022 | Feb 27, 2023 | |
| 2021 | Feb 28, 2022 | |
| 2020 | Mar 1, 2021 | |
| 2019 | Feb 24, 2020 | |
| 2018 | Feb 25, 2019 | |
| 2017 | Feb 26, 2018 | |
| 2016 | Feb 27, 2017 | |
| 2015 | Feb 29, 2016 | |
About Fair Value Disclosures
Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.
Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.