Note 10. Stock-Based Compensation

 

Omnibus Plan. In May 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the Cars.com Inc. Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the "Omnibus Plan"), which provides for the granting of new shares for stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares and other stock-based and cash-based awards. At the June 4, 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the Company's stockholders approved amendments to the Omnibus Plan to increase the maximum number of shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share, that may be issued under the Omnibus Plan by 4.0 million shares to a total of 22.0 million shares and extend the term of the Omnibus Plan to June 4, 2035. As of December 31, 2025, there were 5.8 million common shares available for future grants. The Company issues new shares of common stock for shares delivered under the Omnibus Plan. A copy of the Company's Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan is incorporated by reference as Exhibit 10.26 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Inducement Plan. In December 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the Cars.com Inc. 2025 Inducement Equity Plan (the "Inducement Plan"), which provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares and other stock-based and cash-based awards to individuals who were not previously employees or directors

of the Company. A maximum of 1.0 million common shares may be issued under the Inducement Plan. As of December 31, 2025, there were 0.6 million common shares available for future grants. The Company issues new shares of common stock for shares delivered under the Inducement Plan. A copy of the Company's Inducement Plan is incorporated by reference as Exhibit 10.28 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Information related to stock-based compensation expense is as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Stock-based compensation expense

 

$

31,327

 

 

$

30,553

 

 

$

28,491

 

Income tax benefit related to stock-based
   compensation expense

 

 

6,563

 

 

 

5,138

 

 

 

4,505

 

Stock-based compensation expense by financial statement line item on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income is as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Cost of revenue and operations

 

$

820

 

 

$

871

 

 

$

1,487

 

Product and technology

 

 

8,656

 

 

 

10,684

 

 

 

8,814

 

Marketing and sales

 

 

6,034

 

 

 

5,381

 

 

 

5,740

 

General and administrative

 

 

15,817

 

 

 

13,617

 

 

 

12,450

 

Total (1)

 

$

31,327

 

 

$

30,553

 

 

$

28,491

 

 

(1)
For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, $0.1 million, $0.3 million, and $0.3 million, respectively, of capitalized internally developed technology costs is excluded from stock-based compensation expense.

 

Information related to outstanding stock-based compensation awards as of December 31, 2025 for restricted share units ("RSUs"), performance share units ("PSUs"), stock options and the Cars.com, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") is as follows (in thousands, except for weighted-average remaining period):

 

 

 

Unearned
Compensation

 

 

Weighted-Average
Remaining Period
(in years)

 

RSUs

 

$

33,301

 

 

 

2.0

 

PSUs

 

 

4,111

 

 

 

2.5

 

Stock Options

 

 

 

 

 

 

ESPP

 

 

350

 

 

 

0.4

 

Total

 

$

37,762

 

 

 

 

 

Restricted Share Units. RSUs represent the right to receive unrestricted shares of the Company’s common stock at the time of vesting, subject to any restrictions as specified in the individual holder’s award agreement. RSUs are subject to graded vesting, generally ranging between one year to three years and the fair value of the RSUs is equal to the Company's common stock price on the date of grant. RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2025 is as follows (in thousands, except for weighted-average grant date fair value):

 

 

 

Number
of RSUs

 

 

Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

 

Outstanding as of December 31, 2024

 

 

3,637

 

 

$

16.52

 

Granted

 

 

3,266

 

 

 

11.74

 

Vested and delivered

 

 

(1,582

)

 

 

16.06

 

Forfeited

 

 

(721

)

 

 

14.08

 

Outstanding as of December 31, 2025 (1)

 

 

4,600

 

 

$

13.67

 

(1)
Includes 441 RSUs that were vested, but not yet delivered.

 

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of RSUs granted during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $16.72. The total grant-date fair value of RSUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $25.4 million, $24.5 million and $19.1 million, respectively.

Performance Share Units. PSUs represent the right to receive unrestricted shares of the Company’s common stock at the time of vesting. The fair value of the PSUs is equal to the Company’s common stock price on the date of grant. Expense related to PSUs is recognized when the performance conditions are probable of being achieved. The percentage of PSUs that shall vest will range from 0% to 200% of the number of PSUs granted based on the Company’s future performance over a one-year to three-year performance period related primarily to certain revenue, adjusted earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, cumulative adjusted net income per share targets, total shareholder return and share price targets. These PSUs are subject to cliff vesting after the end of the respective performance period. PSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2025 is as follows (in thousands, except for weighted-average grant date fair value):

 

 

 

Number
of PSUs

 

 

Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

 

Outstanding as of December 31, 2024

 

 

931

 

 

$

16.37

 

Granted

 

 

698

 

 

 

12.91

 

Vested and delivered (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited

 

 

(596

)

 

 

14.17

 

Outstanding as of December 31, 2025

 

 

1,033

 

 

$

15.30

 

 

(1)
The actual amount of shares that become common shares outstanding as of the date of vesting and delivery and will vary based on the attainment percentage of the relevant performance conditions.

 

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of PSUs granted during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $16.47.

 

Stock Options. Stock options represent the right to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at the time of vesting, subject to any restrictions as specified in the individual holder’s award agreement. Stock options are subject to three-year cliff vesting and expire 10 years from the grant date. Stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2025 is as follows (in thousands, except for weighted-average grant date fair value and weighted-average remaining contractual term):

 

 

 

Number
of Options

 

 

Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

 

 

Weighted-Average
Remaining Contractual
Term (in years)

 

 

Aggregate Intrinsic Value

 

Outstanding as of December 31, 2024

 

 

1,067

 

 

$

6.28

 

 

 

5.98

 

 

$

7,346

 

Granted

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding as of December 31, 2025

 

 

1,067

 

 

 

6.28

 

 

 

4.98

 

 

 

3,490

 

Exercisable as of December 31, 2025

 

 

1,067

 

 

 

6.28

 

 

 

4.98

 

 

 

3,490

 

 

There were no stock options granted during the years ending December 31, 2025 and 2024. The fair value of the stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2023 were estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, using the following assumptions:

 

 

 

2023

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

 

2.21

%

Weighted-average volatility

 

 

65.22

%

Dividend yield

 

 

0

%

Expected years until exercise

 

 

6.5

 

 

Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Eligible employees may authorize payroll deductions of up to 10% of the employee’s base earnings with a maximum of $10,000 per every six-month offering period to purchase the Company's common stock at a purchase price per share equal to 85% of the lower of (i) the closing market price per share of the Company at the beginning of the offering period or (ii) the closing market price per share at the end of the offering period. A maximum of three million shares are available for issuance under the ESPP. As of December 31, 2025, 1.5 million shares were available for issuance under the ESPP.

 

Information related to the ESPP is as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Shares issued related to the ESPP

 

 

246

 

 

 

187

 

 

 

179

 

Stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP

 

$

824

 

 

$

705

 

 

$

760

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 27, 2025
2023Feb 22, 2024
2022Feb 23, 2023

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.