28. INCOME TAXES

Net loss before income taxes was generated as follows:

 

 

Years ended

 

 

 

March 31,

 

 

March 31,

 

 

March 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Domestic - Canada

 

$

(978,255

)

 

$

(280,786

)

 

$

(2,284,864

)

Foreign - outside of Canada

 

 

381,258

 

 

 

(190,569

)

 

 

(801,294

)

 

 

$

(596,997

)

 

$

(471,355

)

 

$

(3,086,158

)

The income tax (expense) recovery consists of the following:

 

 

Years ended

 

 

 

March 31,

 

 

March 31,

 

 

March 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Current

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Domestic - Canada

 

$

79

 

 

$

(462

)

 

$

4,783

 

Foreign - outside of Canada

 

 

(418

)

 

 

194

 

 

 

(676

)

 

 

$

(339

)

 

$

(268

)

 

$

4,107

 

Deferred

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Domestic - Canada

 

$

(7,006

)

 

$

(12,596

)

 

$

(2,649

)

Foreign - outside of Canada

 

 

204

 

 

 

537

 

 

 

4,270

 

 

 

 

(6,802

)

 

 

(12,059

)

 

 

1,621

 

Income tax (expense) recovery

 

$

(7,141

)

 

$

(12,327

)

 

$

5,728

 

As more fully described in Note 3, income taxes that are required to be reflected in equity, instead of in the consolidated statements of operations, are included in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity, if applicable.

Current and deferred income tax referred to above is recognized based on the Company’s best estimate of the tax rates expected to apply to the income, loss or temporary difference. The Company is subject to income tax in numerous jurisdictions with varying tax rates. During the current year ended, there were no material changes to the enacted statutory tax rates in the jurisdictions where the majority of the Company’s income for tax purposes was earned or where its material temporary differences or losses are expected to be realized or settled, however the impact of commercial decisions and market forces result in changes to the distribution of income for tax purposes amongst taxing jurisdictions that may result in a change of the effective tax rate applicable to such income, loss or temporary difference.

A reconciliation of the amount of income taxes reflected above compared to the expected income taxes calculated at the combined Canadian federal and provincial enacted statutory tax rate of 26.5% for each of the three years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

 

 

Years ended

 

 

 

March 31,

 

 

March 31,

 

 

March 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Net loss before income taxes

 

$

(596,997

)

 

$

(471,355

)

 

$

(3,086,158

)

Expected tax rate

 

 

26.5

%

 

 

26.5

%

 

 

26.5

%

Expected income tax recovery

 

 

158,204

 

 

 

124,909

 

 

 

817,832

 

Non-deductible and non-taxable items

 

 

(8,025

)

 

 

5,072

 

 

 

(29,292

)

Fair value changes on Acreage Arrangement

 

 

-

 

 

 

(1,191

)

 

 

12,386

 

Fair value changes on warrant derivative liability

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

6,294

 

Settlement of unsecured senior notes

 

 

(13,991

)

 

 

(11,360

)

 

 

(14,862

)

Share-based compensation

 

 

2,088

 

 

 

(2,796

)

 

 

(2,126

)

Goodwill impairment

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

(473,702

)

Change in valuation allowance

 

 

(58,672

)

 

 

(137,213

)

 

 

(252,260

)

Effect of tax rates outside of Canada

 

 

4,433

 

 

 

3,072

 

 

 

(4,596

)

Non-taxable portion of capital gains and losses

 

 

(91,255

)

 

 

(77,076

)

 

 

(48,573

)

Effect from divestiture of consolidated entities

 

 

-

 

 

 

84,842

 

 

 

-

 

Other

 

 

77

 

 

 

(586

)

 

 

(5,373

)

Income tax (expense) recovery

 

$

(7,141

)

 

$

(12,327

)

 

$

5,728

 

Current income taxes payable in the amount of $397 (March 31, 2024 – $512) is included in accounts payable and current income taxes receivable in the amount of $nil (March 31, 2024 – $485) is included in other accounts receivable.

The Company continues to believe that the amount of unrealized tax benefits appropriately reflects the uncertainty of items that are or may in the future be under discussion, audit, dispute or appeal with a tax authority or which otherwise result in uncertainty in the determination of income for tax purposes. If appropriate, an unrealized tax benefit will be realized in the year in which the Company determines that realization is not in doubt. Where the final determined outcome is different from the Company’s estimate, such difference will impact the Company’s income taxes in the year during which such determination is made.

Significant components of deferred income tax assets (liabilities) consist of the following:

 

 

Years ended

 

 

 

March 31,

 

 

March 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Deferred income tax assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

$

74,392

 

 

$

94,386

 

Intangible assets

 

 

17,483

 

 

 

14,017

 

Inventory reserves and write-downs

 

 

5,587

 

 

 

6,448

 

Other reserves and accruals

 

 

2,792

 

 

 

4,590

 

Losses carried forward

 

 

1,176,913

 

 

 

1,115,772

 

Equity method investments and other financial assets

 

 

106,570

 

 

 

95,266

 

Deferred financing costs

 

 

11,439

 

 

 

15,013

 

Unrealized Losses

 

 

68,877

 

 

 

59,167

 

Other

 

 

10,698

 

 

 

13,145

 

Gross deferred income tax assets

 

 

1,474,751

 

 

 

1,417,804

 

Valuation allowances

 

 

(1,474,467

)

 

 

(1,415,794

)

Total deferred income tax assets, net

 

$

284

 

 

$

2,010

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred income tax liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

Intangible assets

 

$

-

 

 

$

(29

)

Total deferred income tax liabilities

 

 

-

 

 

 

(29

)

Net deferred income tax assets

 

$

284

 

 

$

1,981

 

In evaluating whether it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred income tax asset will be realized consideration is given to the estimated reversal of deferred income tax liabilities and future taxable income. The Company has recognized valuation allowances for operating losses carried forward, capital losses carried forward and other deferred income tax assets when it is believed that it is more likely than not that these items will not be realized.

As at March 31, 2025, the Company had temporary differences associated with investments in foreign subsidiaries for which no deferred income tax liabilities have been recognized, as the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of these temporary differences and material undistributed earnings are considered permanently invested. Determination of the amount of the unrecognized deferred income tax liability is not practicable due to the inherent complexity of the multi-jurisdictional operations of the Company.

As at March 31, 2025, the Company has the following losses carried forward available to reduce future years’ taxable income, which losses expire as follows:

Expiring within 5 years

 

$

1,748

 

Expiring between 5 and 10 years

 

 

13,547

 

Expiring between 10 and 15 years

 

 

615,838

 

Expiring between 15 and 20 years

 

 

2,528,772

 

Indefinite

 

 

572,137

 

 

 

$

3,732,042

 

 

Total in Canada

 

$

3,158,055

 

Total in United States

 

 

520,415

 

Total in Europe

 

 

53,572

 

 

 

$

3,732,042

 

 

Total operating losses

 

$

3,732,042

 

Total capital losses (carried forward indefinitely)

 

 

1,428,956

 

 

 

$

5,160,998

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025May 30, 2025Showing above
2024May 30, 2024
2023Jun 22, 2023
2022May 31, 2022
2021Jun 1, 2021
2020Jun 1, 2020

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.