. Pharmacy revenues are primarily derived from providing pharmacy benefit management services to clients and customers. Pharmacy revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to clients and customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive for those goods or services.
The Company provides or makes available various services supporting benefit management and claims administration and is generally obligated to provide prescription drugs to clients' members using multiple distribution methods, including retail networks, home delivery and specialty pharmacies. These goods and services are integrated into a single performance obligation to process claims, dispense prescription drugs and provide other services over the contract period (generally three years). This performance obligation is satisfied as the business stands ready to fulfill its obligation.
Revenues for dispensing prescription drugs through retail pharmacies are reported gross and consist of the prescription price (ingredient cost and dispensing fee) contracted with clients, including the customer copayment, and any associated fees for services, because the Company acts as the principal in these arrangements. When a prescription is presented to a retail network pharmacy, the Company is solely responsible for customer eligibility, drug utilization review, drug-to-drug interaction review, any required clinical intervention, plan provision information, payment to the pharmacy and client billing. These revenues are recognized based on the full prescription price when the pharmacy claim is processed and approved for payment. The Company also provides benefit design and formulary consultation services to clients and negotiates separate contractual relationships with clients and network pharmacies. These factors indicate that the Company has control over these transactions until the prescription is processed. Revenues are billed, due and recognized at contract rates either on a periodic basis or as services are provided (such as based on volume of claims processed). This recognition pattern aligns with the benefits from services provided.
Home delivery and specialty pharmacy revenues are due and recognized as each prescription is shipped, net of reserves for discounts and contractual allowances estimated based on historical experience. Any differences between estimates and actual collections are reflected in Pharmacy revenues when payments are received. Historically, adjustments to original estimates and returns have not been material. The Company has elected the practical expedient to account for shipping and handling as a fulfillment activity.
We may also provide certain financial and performance guarantees, including a minimum level of discounts a client may receive, generic utilization rates and various service levels. Clients may be entitled to receive compensation if we fail to meet the guarantees. Actual performance is compared to the contractual guarantee for each measure throughout the period and the Company defers revenue for any estimated payouts within Accrued expenses and other liabilities (current). These estimates are adjusted and paid at the end of the annual guarantee period. Historically, adjustments to original estimates have not been material. The liability for these financial and performance guarantees was $1.8 billion as of December 31, 2025 and $1.9 billion as of December 31, 2024.
The Company administers programs through which we may receive rebates and other vendor consideration from pharmaceutical manufacturers. The amounts of such rebates or other vendor consideration shared with pharmacy benefit management services clients vary based on the contractual arrangement with the client and in some cases the type of consideration received from the pharmaceutical manufacturer. Rebates and other vendor consideration payable to pharmacy benefit management services clients are recorded as a reduction of Pharmacy revenues. Estimated amounts payable to clients are based on contractual sharing arrangements between the Company and the client and these amounts are adjusted when amounts are collected from pharmaceutical manufacturers in accordance with the contractual arrangement between the Company and the client. Historically, these adjustments have not been material.
Other pharmacy service revenues are earned by distributing specialty pharmaceuticals and medical supplies to providers, clinics and hospitals. These revenues are billed, due and recognized at contracted rates as prescriptions and supplies are shipped and services are provided.
Pharmacy Costs. Pharmacy costs include the cost of prescriptions sold, network pharmacy claim costs and copayments. Also included are direct costs of dispensing prescriptions including supplies, shipping and handling, and direct costs associated with clinical programs, such as drug utilization management and medication adherence counseling. Home delivery and specialty pharmacy costs are recognized when the drug is shipped, and retail network costs are recognized when the drug is processed and approved for payment. Rebates and other vendor consideration received when providing pharmacy benefit management services are recorded as a reduction of pharmacy costs. Rebates are recognized as prescriptions are shipped or processed and approved for payment. Historically, the effect of adjustments resulting from the reconciliation of rebates recognized to the amounts billed and collected, net of contractual allowances, has not been material. The Company maintains reimbursement guarantees with certain retail network pharmacies. For each such guarantee, the Company records a pharmacy and other service costs payable or prepaid asset for applicable retail network claims based on our actual performance throughout the period against the contractual reimbursement rate. The Company's contracts with certain retail pharmacies give the Company the right to adjust reimbursement rates during the annual guarantee period.
E.Premiums and Related Expenses
Premiums for short-duration group health, accident and life insurance and managed care coverages are recognized as revenue on a pro rata basis over the contract period. Benefits and expenses are recognized when incurred and, for our Cigna Healthcare business, are presented net of pharmaceutical manufacturer rebates. For experience-rated contracts, premium revenue includes an adjustment for
experience-rated refunds based on contract terms and calculated using the customer's experience (including estimates of incurred but not reported claims).
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("ACA") established a risk adjustment program that transfers funds among insurers based on the relative risk of their covered populations of individuals who purchased insurance on a public exchange. We recognize receivables or payables from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ("CMS") for the Company's Individual and Family Plans as adjustments to premium revenue when amounts are reasonably estimable and collection is reasonably assured, using year-to-date experience and industry data. Final settlements are determined by the United States Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS") in the subsequent year.

Premium revenue may also include an adjustment to reflect the estimated effect of rebates due to customers under medical loss ratio provisions of the ACA. These rebate liabilities are settled in the subsequent year.
Liabilities related to experience-rated refunds, risk adjustment programs and the minimum medical loss ratio are included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities (current).
Premiums for supplemental health, accident and individual life insurance and annuity long-duration products are recognized as revenue when due. Cigna Healthcare long-duration premium revenues are associated with contracts that provide coverage greater than one year or are guaranteed to be renewed at the option of the policyholder beyond one year. Benefits and expenses are matched with premiums.
Revenue for universal life products is recognized as follows:
Investment income on assets supporting universal life products is recognized in Net investment income/losses as earned.
Charges for mortality, administration and policy surrender are recognized in Premiums as earned. Administrative fees are considered earned when services are provided.
Benefits and expenses for universal life products consist of benefit claims in excess of policyholder account balances and income earned by policyholders. Expenses are recognized when claims are incurred and income is credited to policyholders in accordance with contract provisions.
The unrecognized portion of premiums received is recorded as unearned premiums included in Insurance and contractholder liabilities (current and non-current). See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
F.Fees and Related Expenses
The majority of the Company's service fee revenues are derived from the following programs:

Administrative Services Only ("ASO") arrangements allow plan sponsors to self-fund claims and assume the risk of medical or other benefit costs. In return for fees from these clients, the Company provides access to our participating provider networks and other services supporting benefit management.
Fee-for-service clinical solutions offered to clients, such as drug utilization management and medication adherence counseling help clients to drive better health outcomes at a lower cost by identifying and addressing potentially unsafe or wasteful prescribing, dispensing and utilization of prescription drugs, and communicating with, or supporting communications with, physicians, pharmacies and patients.
Wholesale Marketplace Drug Formulary Management services include either our drug formulary administrative service arrangements or our formulary processing arrangements. Drug formulary administrative services may include formulary consultation, administration of rebate contracts, rebate submission, collection from drug manufacturers and the distribution of rebates to clients. Services may also include facilitating audits of data submissions and reporting of rebates to clients.
Health benefit management solutions are offered primarily to sponsors of health benefit plans to drive cost reductions and improve quality outcomes for clients as well as provide behavioral health services to third-party health plans, employers and administrators. In certain arrangements, the Company assumes the financial obligation for third-party provider costs for medical services provided to the health plan's customers.

Arrangements are generally short-term (one year or less) except for certain three-year health benefit management solutions contracts, and each consists of a single performance obligation. Performance obligations are satisfied as services are provided to clients, either on a stand-ready or utilization basis. Fees are billed, due and recognized at contracted rates on a periodic basis, generally monthly or agreed-upon arrangements terms. Fee revenues for services are generally recorded on a gross basis with the associated direct and indirect costs presented in Pharmacy and other service costs, or Selling, general and administrative expenses.
Retained rebates reported in Fees and other revenues in our formulary processing arrangements are either recognized gross as services are provided to clients, consistent with the related service fee, or net as rebates are processed. The latter applies in arrangements in which the Company is permitted to retain a portion of rebates collected in exchange for services, but the Company does not obtain control of the retained rebate until rebates are transferred to the client.

Fees for services may include variable consideration as a component of the transaction price, which is estimated at contract inception, recognized and adjusted through the contract period through Accrued expenses and other liabilities. Variable consideration includes certain health benefit management contracts requiring the Company to share the results of medical cost experience that differ from specified targets and ASO performance guarantees that compensate clients if certain service standards, clinical outcomes or financial metrics are not met.
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Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 27, 2025
2023Feb 29, 2024
2022Feb 23, 2023
2021Feb 24, 2022
2020Feb 25, 2021
2019Feb 27, 2020

About Revenue Disclosures

Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.

Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.