9.

Stock-Based Compensation

 

Stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was classified in the consolidated statements of operations as follows:

 

   

Year Ended
December 31,

 
   

2024

   

2023

 
   

(000's)

 

Research and development

  $ 2,971     $ 1,998  

General and administrative

    5,589       4,122  

Total

  $ 8,560     $ 6,120  

 

2020 Plan

 

In June 2020, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2020 Plan and reserved 2.9 million shares of common stock for issuance under this plan. The 2020 Plan provides that the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the 2020 Plan will automatically increase each January 1, beginning on January 1, 2021, by the lesser of 4% of the outstanding number of shares of our common stock on the immediately preceding December 31 or such number of shares as determined by the plan administrator no later than the immediately preceding December 31. As of December 31, 2024, 1.4 million shares remain available for future grant. On January 1, 2025, an additional 5.5 million shares became available for issuance based on 4% of the outstanding shares of common stock, for a total of 6.9 million shares available for issuance.

 

The 2020 Plan authorizes the board of directors or a committee of the board to grant incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units ("RSUs") to eligible officers, employees, consultants and directors of the Company. Options generally vest over a period of four years and have a contractual life of ten years from the date of grant.

 

Stock Options:

 

The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the 2020 Plan:

 

   

Number of
Nonvested
Options (000's)

   

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Per Share

   

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (in years)

   

Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000's)

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2022

    5,378     $ 3.89       8.24     $ 6,316  

Granted

    2,803     $ 3.69       9.18     $  

Exercised

    (29 )   $ 1.75           $ 35  

Forfeited/cancelled

    (276 )   $ 4.29           $ 164  

Outstanding at December 31, 2023

    7,876     $ 3.81       8.05     $ 11  

Granted

    6,193     $ 1.58       7.10     $  

Exercised

        $           $  

Forfeited/cancelled

    (7 )   $ 3.04           $  

Outstanding at December 31, 2024

    14,062     $ 2.83       6.23     $ 579  

Vested at December 31, 2024

    6,551     $ 3.67       5.28     $ 49  

 

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the weighted average grant date fair value for options granted was $1.13. The aggregate intrinsic value for options vested and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $579 thousand and $11 thousand, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding options was $11.1 million, expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.5 years.          

 

The weighted average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options granted to employees and directors during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

 

 

   

Year Ended December 31,

 
   

2024

   

2023

 

Expected term (in years)

    6.0       6.0  

Risk-free rate

    3.92 %     3.83 %

Expected volatility

    81 %     87 %

 

RSUs:

 

The following table summarizes the RSU activity for the 2020 Plan:

 

   

Shares (000's)

   

Weighted
Average Price
Per Share

   

Weighted
Average Fair Value (000's)

 

Unvested, December 31, 2022

    900     $ 3.83     $ 3,447  

Granted

    900       3.93       3,537  

Vested

    (300 )     3.83       (1,149 )

Forfeited or canceled

                 

Unvested, December 31, 2023

    1,500     $ 3.83     $ 5,745  

Granted

    2,791     $ 1.89     $ 5,275  

Vested

    (525 )     3.87       (2,032 )

Forfeited or canceled

                 

Unvested, December 31, 2024

    3,766     $ 2.41     $ 9,076  

 

Weighted average price per share is the weighted grant price based on the closing market price of each of the stock grants. The weighted average fair value is the weighted average share price times the number of shares.

 

As of December 31, 2024, remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs to be recognized in future periods totaled $7.0 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.5 years. As of December 31, 2024, the total unrecognized compensation cost from all plans to be recognized in future periods totaled approximately $18.1 million.

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.