(12) Income Taxes

 

Components of income tax expense (benefit) for each year are as follows:

 

   

2025

   

2024

 

Current:

               

Federal

  $ -     $ -  

State

    456       456  
                 

Current income tax provision (benefit):

    456       456  
                 

Deferred:

               

Federal

    205,439       (727,390 )

State

    56,389       (231,566 )
                 

Deferred income tax provision (benefit), net

    261,828       (958,956 )
                 

Total

  $ 262,284     $ (958,500 )

 

Deferred tax assets as of December 27, 2025 and December 28, 2024 are as follows:

 

   

December 27,

2025

   

December 28,

2024

 

Deferred Tax Assets:

               

Net operating loss carryforwards

  $ 719,586     $ 766,023  

Stock compensation

    119,130       117,453  

Credit carryforwards

    887,910       899,441  

Inventory

    188,334       141,615  

Accrued liabilities

    6,359       6,468  

Depreciation

    104,575       120,452  

Capitalized R&D, net

    237,044       474,088  

Other

    3,916       3,142  

Net deferred tax assets

  $ 2,266,854     $ 2,528,682  

 

Net operating loss carryforwards are the result of federal net operating losses as of 12/272025 and 12/28/2024 are $2,624,214 and 2,805,819, respectively. Under current tax law, these federal losses were incurred subsequent to 2018 and can be carried forward indefinitely. State net operating loss carryforwards expire in 2044.

 

A summary of the change in the deferred tax asset is as follows:

 

   

2025

   

2024

 
                 

Gross deferred tax balance at beginning of year

 

$

2,528,682    

$

1,569,726  
                 

Deferred tax (provision) benefit

    (261,828 )     958,956  
                 

Balance at end of year, net

 

$

2,266,854    

$

2,528,682  

 

Income tax expense is different from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21 percent and the Massachusetts statutory income tax rate (net of federal benefit) of 6.32 percent

to pretax income as a result of the following:

 

   

2025

     

2024

     
      Amount   Rate     Amount     Rate

Tax at statutory rate

  $ 143,354   21.00%   $ (857,216 )   21.00%

State tax, net of federal benefit

    56,749  

8.31%

    (231,204 )   5.66%

Other

    62,181   21.00%     129,920     19.14%
                       

Total

  $ 262,284   34.82%   $ (958,500 )   23.48%

 

A valuation allowance against deferred tax assets is required to be established or maintained when it is "more likely than not" that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company concluded that it is “more likely than not” that the Company will be able to fully utilize the deferred tax asset.

 

The Company’s income tax filings are subject to review and examination by federal and state taxing authorities. The Company is currently open to audit under the applicable statutes of limitations for the years 2021 through 2024.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 3, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 17, 2025
2023Mar 14, 2024
2021Mar 10, 2022
2020Mar 17, 2021

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.