Note 12. Segments

 

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the CODM, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources in assessing performance. CervoMed Inc. has one reportable segment which consists of the development of clinical and nonclinical product candidates for treatments for age-related neurologic disorders and other medical indications. The Company’s CODM is the Chief Executive Officer.

 

The accounting policies of the Company’s single segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. To date, the Company has not generated any product revenue. The Company expects to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future as it advances product candidates through all stages of development and clinical trials and, ultimately, seek regulatory approval. The CODM assesses the financial performance for the Company's segment based on net loss. The CODM also uses internal budget versus forecasted expense and cash forecast models in making certain decisions. Such models are reviewed to assess the entity-wide/single-segment operating results and performance, including how long cash-on-hand is expected to be sufficient. The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheet as total assets. The segment measure of loss is reported on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss as net loss.

 

The table below summarizes the significant expense categories regularly reviewed by the CODM for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

   

Year Ended

December 31,

 
   

2025

   

2024

 

Grant revenue

  $ 4,006,510     $ 9,737,974  

Research and development expenses:

               

Dementia with Lewy bodies

    7,052,512       12,102,842  

Frontotemporal disorders (incl. nfvPPA)

    1,217,784       36,853  

Recovery after stroke

    1,427,966       391,659  

Other clinical* and nonclinical

    2,504,863       2,499,202  

Personnel costs, excluding stock-based compensation

    5,745,558       2,187,221  

Stock-based compensation

    482,669       218,822  

Other research and development expenses, including CMC**

    3,385,720       1,361,744  

Total research and development expenses

    21,817,072       18,798,343  

General and administrative expenses:

               

Personnel costs, excluding stock-based compensation

    4,988,705       3,995,114  

Stock-based compensation

    965,965       1,186,900  

Professional fees

    2,752,710       2,684,386  

Insurance, taxes and similar fees

    1,166,374       985,481  

Other general and administrative expenses, including IT, facilities, supplies and similar costs***

    610,561       314,879  

Total general and administrative expenses

    10,484,315       9,166,760  

Other income

    1,328,510       1,936,436  

Net loss

  $ (26,966,367 )   $ (16,290,693 )

 

* - Includes early-stage clinical studies that are not indication-specific and related costs.

 

** - Includes, among other things, CMC-related costs, shipping, packaging and storage costs, certain consulting costs, and other miscellaneous research development expenses.

 

*** - Includes, among other things, costs related to IT systems, rent and other facilities, office supplies, and similar costs.

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About Segments Disclosures

Segment disclosures break a company into its reportable operating units, revealing revenue, profit, and asset allocation that consolidated financial statements obscure. Under ASC 280, segments must match how the chief operating decision maker views the business, providing a window into internal management structure and resource allocation priorities.

Key signals: compare segment margins to identify which units drive profitability and which destroy value. Watch for changes in the number of reportable segments — segment aggregation or disaggregation often coincides with strategic shifts or attempts to obscure declining performance. Intersegment elimination patterns reveal internal pricing practices. The reconciliation between segment totals and consolidated figures exposes corporate overhead allocation and unallocated items. Geographic revenue concentration highlights regulatory and currency exposure. Compare segment-level capital expenditure against segment revenue to assess where management is investing for future growth versus harvesting existing assets.