23. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The company generally determines its total warranty liability by applying historical claims rate experience to the estimated amount of equipment that has been sold and is still under warranty based on dealer inventories and retail sales. The historical claims rate is

primarily determined by a review of five-year claims costs and current quality developments.

The premiums for extended warranties are primarily recognized in income in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred over the contract period. The unamortized extended warranty premiums (deferred revenue) included in the following table totaled $582 million and $506 million at November 3, 2019 and October 28, 2018, respectively.

A reconciliation of the changes in the warranty liability and unearned premiums in millions of dollars follows:

Warranty Liability/

 

Unearned Premiums

 

    

    2019    

    

    2018    

 

Beginning of year balance

    

$

1,652

    

$

1,468

 

Payments

 

(985)

 

(907)

Amortization of premiums received

 

(214)

 

(217)

Accruals for warranties

 

1,066

 

978

Premiums received

 

292

 

270

Acquisition*

80

Foreign exchange

 

(11)

 

(20)

End of year balance

 

$

1,800

 

$

1,652

*       See Note 4.

At November 3, 2019, the company had approximately $343 million of guarantees issued primarily to banks outside the U.S. and Canada related to third-party receivables for the retail financing of John Deere and Wirtgen equipment. The company may recover a portion of any required payments incurred under these agreements from repossession of the equipment collateralizing the receivables. At November 3, 2019, the company had accrued losses of approximately $14 million under these agreements. The maximum remaining term of the receivables guaranteed at November 3, 2019 was approximately seven years.

At November 3, 2019, the company had commitments of approximately $281 million for the construction and acquisition of property and equipment. Also at November 3, 2019, the company had restricted assets of $88 million, classified as “Other assets”. See Note 14 for additional restricted assets associated with borrowings related to securitizations.

The company also had other miscellaneous contingent liabilities totaling approximately $65 million at November 3, 2019. The accrued liability for these contingencies was not material at November 3, 2019.

The company is subject to various unresolved legal actions which arise in the normal course of its business, the most prevalent of which relate to product liability (including asbestos related liability), retail credit, employment, patent, and trademark matters. The company believes the reasonably possible range of losses for these unresolved legal actions would not have a material effect on its financial statements.

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2019Dec 19, 2019Showing above
2018Dec 17, 2018
2017Dec 18, 2017
2016Dec 19, 2016
2015Dec 18, 2015

About Commitments Disclosures

Commitments and contingencies disclosures catalog a company's off-balance-sheet obligations and legal exposures — purchase commitments, guarantee arrangements, pending litigation, and regulatory proceedings. These items represent potential future cash outflows that may not appear as liabilities on the balance sheet until they become probable and estimable.

Key signals: litigation reserves and disclosed loss ranges quantify management's estimate of legal exposure, but unquantified "reasonably possible" losses often represent the larger risk. Watch for changes in language around pending cases — shifts from "remote" to "reasonably possible" or increases in estimated loss ranges signal deteriorating outcomes. Unconditional purchase obligations and take-or-pay contracts create fixed cost structures that reduce operational flexibility. Guarantee arrangements for subsidiaries or joint ventures can create cascading obligations. Compare the total commitment schedule against projected free cash flow to assess whether the company can meet its obligations without additional financing.