NOTE 8 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

 

The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities). The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:

 

  Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for an asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
     
  Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs. Examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities and quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
     
  Level 3: Unobservable inputs based on assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

 

 

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:

 

   Level  December 31,
2025
   December 31,
2024
 
Assets:           
Investments held in Trust Account 1 $173,392,824  $167,164,825 
Liabilities:             
Over-allotment option liability 3 $  $64,371 
Warrant liability 1 $17,015,000  $2,158,000 

 

At December 31, 2025 and 2024, investments held in the Trust Account were held in money market funds which are invested primarily in U.S. Treasury securities. The estimated fair values of investments held in Trust Account are determined using available market information. Fair values of these investments are determined by Level 1 inputs utilizing quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets.

 

The over-allotment option was accounted for as a liability in accordance with ASC 815-40 and was presented within liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The over-allotment option liability is measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within changes in fair value of over-allotment option liability in the consolidated statements of operations. In January 2025, the underwriters remaining over-allotment option expired unexercised.

 

The Company used a Black-Scholes model to value the over-allotment option. The over-allotment option liability was classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy at the measurement dates due to the use of unobservable inputs inherent in pricing models are assumptions related to expected share-price volatility, expected life and risk-free interest rate. The Company estimates the volatility of its ordinary shares based on historical volatility that matches the expected remaining life of the option. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curve on the grant date for a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the option. The expected life of the option is assumed to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term.

 

The key inputs into the Black-Scholes model were as follows at December 31, 2024 of the over-allotment option:

 

Inputs  December 31,
2024
 
Risk-free interest rate  4.45%
Expected term (years)  0.12 
Expected volatility  4.91%
Exercise price $10.00 
Fair value of over-allotment unit $0.099 

 

 

The Public Warrants were accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40 and are presented within warrant liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The warrant liability was measured at fair value on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the Public Warrants was based on unadjusted quoted prices at the close of market as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

 

The following table provides a summary of the changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

 

   Over-allotment
option liability
 
Fair value at December 31, 2024 $64,371 
Expiration of over-allotment option  (64,371)
Fair value at December 31, 2025 $ 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 6, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 20, 2025

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.