GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Below is a summary of the change in goodwill during 2025 and 2024.
(Dollars in millions)Advanced MaterialsAdditives & Functional ProductsChemical IntermediatesOtherTotal
Balance at December 31, 2023
$1,330 $2,182 $124 $10 $3,646 
Acquisition (1)
— — — 
Currency translation and other adjustments
(3)(10)(5)— (18)
Balance at December 31, 2024
$1,331 $2,172 $119 $10 $3,632 
Currency translation and other adjustments
19 — 33 
Balance at December 31, 2025
$1,337 $2,191 $127 $10 $3,665 
(1)Measurement period adjustments related to prior year acquisition.

The reported balance of goodwill included accumulated impairment losses of $106 million, $12 million, and $14 million in the Additives & Functional Products ("AFP") segment, Chemical Intermediates ("CI") segment, and other segments, respectively, at both December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The carrying amounts of intangible assets follow:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions)Estimated Useful Life in YearsGross Carrying ValueAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying ValueGross Carrying ValueAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Value
Amortizable intangible assets:
Customer relationships10-25$1,125 $691 $434 $1,141 $649 $492 
Technology10-20529 399 130 519 378 141 
Other16-3795 40 55 86 36 50 
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Tradenames351 — 351 349 — 349 
Total identified intangible assets$2,100 $1,130 $970 $2,095 $1,063 $1,032 

Amortization expense of definite-lived intangible assets was $79 million, $82 million, and $86 million for 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for future periods is $78 million in 2026, $71 million in 2027, $67 million in 2028, $62 million in 2029, and $59 million in 2030.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 13, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 14, 2025
2023Feb 14, 2024
2022Feb 15, 2023
2021Feb 25, 2022
2020Feb 22, 2021
2019Feb 26, 2020
2018Feb 27, 2019
2017Mar 1, 2018
2016Feb 27, 2017
2015Feb 25, 2016

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.