NOTE 8 — Income Taxes

The following summarizes components of income tax expense for the years ended December 31. Income tax expense is entirely related to domestic activities as the Company did not have any foreign operations.

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

Current:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Federal expense

$

10,378

$

12,889

$

13,066

State and city expense

 

4,432

 

3,839

 

4,356

Total current tax expense

 

14,810

 

16,728

 

17,422

Deferred:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Federal expense (benefit)

 

369

 

(1,097)

 

(1,874)

State and city benefit

 

(349)

 

(8)

 

(677)

Total deferred tax expense (benefit)

 

20

 

(1,105)

 

(2,551)

Income tax expense

$

14,830

$

15,623

$

14,871

The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s statutory federal income tax rate of 21% to its effective tax rate at December 31 in accordance with the guidance in ASU 2023-09:

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

Federal tax expense at statutory rate

$

13,787

21.00

%

$

12,449

21.00

%

$

11,735

21.00

%

State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit(1)

 

3,246

4.95

 

2,878

4.85

 

2,867

5.13

Nontaxable or nondeductible items

 

 

 

Stock-based compensation excess tax benefit

 

(2,743)

(4.18)

 

(770)

(1.30)

 

(356)

(0.64)

Executive compensation

967

1.47

623

1.05

535

0.96

Other reconciling items

(427)

(0.65)

443

0.75

90

0.16

Total

$

14,830

22.59

%

$

15,623

26.35

%

$

14,871

26.61

%

(1)State and local taxes in New York and New York City made up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category.

The following summarizes the components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31:

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

Deferred tax assets:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Stock based compensation

$

928

$

1,469

Allowance for credit losses

 

6,458

 

5,541

Deferred loan fees, net

 

53

 

Unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale

 

3,427

 

5,419

Other

 

2,280

 

2,565

Total deferred tax assets

 

13,146

 

14,994

Deferred tax liabilities:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Fixed assets

 

(2,029)

 

(1,736)

Investment in partnership

 

 

(45)

Deferred loan fees, net

 

 

(84)

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

(2,029)

 

(1,865)

Deferred tax asset, net

$

11,117

$

13,129

The Company no longer has New York state and city net operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2024.

Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Based on its evaluation, the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, will be realized.

The components of income taxes paid for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

Federal taxes paid

$

10,887

$

13,700

$

13,400

State and local taxes paid:

 

 

 

New York

 

2,601

 

3,036

 

2,783

California

 

920

 

200

 

75

Other

 

887

 

1,066

 

1,329

Total state and local taxes paid:

4,408

4,302

4,187

Total income taxes paid

$

15,295

$

18,002

$

17,587

The Company does not have any unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2025 and 2024, and does not expect this to increase in the next twelve months. There were no interest and penalties recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax in 14 state and local jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to examination by taxing authorities for years before 2022.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 13, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 17, 2025
2023Mar 29, 2024
2022Mar 27, 2023
2021Mar 11, 2022
2020Mar 19, 2021
2019Mar 12, 2020
2018Mar 14, 2019
2017Mar 29, 2018

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.