Note 3 — Revenue Recognition

Revenue Streams

The Company’s revenue streams, respective performance obligations and methods of recognition are summarized below. All of the Company’s revenues are sourced primarily from the U.S.

Charging, Retail. EVgo sells electricity directly to drivers who access EVgo’s publicly available networked chargers. Various pricing plans exist for customers and drivers have the choice to charge through a subscription offering or a variety of pay-as-you-go plans. Revenue for these sales is recognized at a point in time upon delivery of electricity and is charged to the customer based on electrical power delivered, minutes of charging, or on a fee basis. Monthly membership fees are charged to the customer and recognized on a monthly basis.

Charging, Commercial. High volume fleet customers, such as transportation network companies or delivery services and rideshare, can access EVgo’s charging infrastructure through EVgo’s public network. Pricing for charging services is most often negotiated directly with the fleet owner based on the business needs and usage patterns of the fleet. In these arrangements EVgo contracts with and bills either the fleet owner directly or an individual fleet driver utilizing EVgo’s

chargers. Revenue for these sales is recognized at a point in time upon delivery of electricity and is generally charged to the customer based on electrical power delivered.

Charging, OEM. The Company contracts with various automobile manufacturers (“OEMs”) to provide charging services to drivers who have purchased or leased such OEMs’ EVs and who access EVgo’s public charger network, to expand EVgo’s network of owned DCFCs and to provide other related services. Revenues are recognized as electricity is provided to the OEM customers. Other related services currently provided to OEMs by EVgo include co-marketing, data services and digital application services. Certain OEM contracts provide charging credits for OEM customers, and revenue is recognized at a point in time when OEM customers use the credits for charging sessions. Other charging memberships provide OEM customers with a stand-ready obligation and revenue is recognized over time, based on the membership period.

Regulatory Credit Sales. As a charging station owner and operator, EVgo earns regulatory credits, such LCFS credits and other regulatory credits, in states where such programs are enacted currently, including the Fast Charging Infrastructure program in California. These credits are generated through charging station operations based on the volume of kilowatt-hours (“kWh”) sold. EVgo earns additional revenue through the sale of these credits to buyers obligated to purchase the credits to comply with the program mandates. The Company’s performance obligation is to sell regulatory credits to certain of its customers. As such, revenue is recognized at the point of sale.

Network, OEM. This revenue stream represents revenue related to contracts that have significant charger infrastructure build programs, which represent set-up costs under ASC 606. The transaction prices from these contracts are allocated to performance obligations including branding, memberships, reservations and the expiration of unused charging credits. Revenue from branding are recognized over time as the services are performed and measurement is recognized straight-line over the performance period. For memberships and reservations, revenue is recognized over time and measured over the period on a straightline basis as performance obligations are met. Any unused charging credits are recognized as breakage using the proportional method or, for programs where there is not enough information to determine the pattern of rights exercised by the customer, the remote method.

eXtend. Through EVgo eXtend, EVgo provides hardware, design, and construction services for charging sites, as well as ongoing operations, maintenance and networking and software integration solutions, while the Company’s customers purchase and retain ownership of the charging assets. EVgo also provides grant application support and related services. EVgo’s primary eXtend contract is for the deployment of up to 2,000 fast charging stalls that Pilot Travel Centers LLC (the “Pilot Company”) will own and EVgo will build, network, operate and maintain.

For the eXtend offering, the Company generally has multiple performance obligations including, but not limited to, the sales of equipment, the provision of engineering, procurement, and construction services during the construction lifecycle, and the provision of operations and maintenance services once the charging network is operational. Revenue from sales of equipment is generally recognized at a point in time when the performance obligation is satisfied. Some customers have agreed to purchase equipment from the Company but requests delivery at a later date, commonly known as bill-and-hold arrangements. For these transactions, the Company deems that control passes to the customer when: (i) the customer has a signed agreement, (ii) significant risk and rewards have transferred to the customer, (iii) the customer has the ability to direct the use of the equipment, (iv) the equipment has been set aside specifically for the customer and cannot be redirected to another customer and (v) as applicable, any customizations have been completed when ordered with the equipment. Payment is typically due once equipment has been acquired for the customer.

The Company’s performance obligation under development contracts is to develop and deliver a completed site with installed charging hardware. The build-out fee can be structured as firm-fixed price or cost-plus arrangements and becomes payable as certain contract and/or construction milestones are achieved or as construction costs are incurred monthly. Development and project management revenue is recognized over time using the relevant input method, which is generally either time-based or cost-based. Under the time-based and cost-based methods, all costs incurred in the period that relates to a contract are charged to cost of sales and the related revenue is recognized based on the measured progress to completion. EVgo may provide latent defect warranties for equipment and installation labor services related

to EVgo’s charger installation services. EVgo’s warranty obligations are generally not accounted for as separate performance obligations as warranties cannot be separately purchased and warranties do not provide a service in addition to the assurance that the charging stations will function as expected. The operations and maintenance fees generally commence once the charging stations become operational with recurring fees generally based upon a fixed or variable rate. For maintenance services that are invoiced monthly, the Company has elected to recognize revenue using the as-invoiced practical expedient.

The Company provides grant application preparation and submission services as well as compliance and reporting services over the term of the grant in exchange for a fixed fee that is determined based on the value of the grant received by the customer. Revenue for grant application preparation services is recognized at a point in time when the Company has submitted the grant application, subject to the variable consideration constraint. Revenue for grant reporting services will be earned over time after the chargers are commissioned with revenue recognized on a straight-line basis over the grant reporting period, subject to the variable consideration constraint.

Ancillary. In addition to offering access to its public network, EVgo offers dedicated charging solutions to autonomous vehicle and other fleets. As part of this offering, EVgo typically builds, owns and operates charging assets for fleets, including through off-site charging hubs that EVgo has secured without requiring a fleet to directly incur capital expenditures. EVgo offers a variety of pricing models for dedicated charging solutions, including a mix of volumetric commitments and variable and fixed payments for provision of charging services. EVgo enters into operating and sales-type leases with its dedicated fleet customers. Any lease components that are identified for dedicated fleet hubs are accounted for in accordance with ASC 842. Non-lease components and fulfillment costs are accounted for in accordance with ASC 606 and are recognized upon delivery of electricity and charged to the fleet customer based on electrical power delivered or minutes of charging and may be subject to a minimum usage requirement.

EVgo also offers a variety of software-driven digital, development and operations services to its customers. EVgo’s offerings currently include customization of digital applications, charging data integration, access to chargers behind parking lot pay gates, micro-targeted advertising services and charging reservations as well as all services provided under PlugShare such as data, research, and advertising services.

For software-driven digital, equipment procurement and operations services, the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time or over time based on when the performance obligation is met. The Company provides research and consulting services to its PlugShare customers. These are generally short-term projects, and the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time upon delivery of the results of the research and consulting services to the customer. The Company enters into short-term and long-term contracts with PlugShare customers to provide charging data integration services. The contract fees for the data integration services are generally structured as a fixed fee arrangements over a specified licensing period and revenue is generally recognized for the single performance obligation monthly, on a straight-line basis, over the licensing period.

The Company generally enters into short-term cancelable insertion orders with its advertising customers for advertising campaigns that are served through the PlugShare software platform. Sponsorship advertising arrangements are generally priced under a cost per engagement structure, which is a set price per click or engagement. Advertising customer contracts may contain multiple performance obligations with each distinct service. The performance obligations are generally considered a series of distinct services as the performance obligations are satisfied over time and revenue is recognized in the period of delivery. The contract transaction price is comprised of variable consideration based on the stated rates applied against the number of units delivered inclusive of the bonus units subject to the maximums provided in the contract. The contractual rates and actual units delivered are used to determine the transaction price each period end. The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the SSP of each performance obligation. Advertising revenue is recognized ratably over the service period based on actual units delivered subject to the maximums under the contract.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

The following table provides information about contract assets and liabilities from contracts with customers:

December 31,

Change

(dollars in thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

$

  ​ ​ ​

%

Contract assets

$

1,715

$

1,383

$

332

24

%

Contract liabilities

$

102,771

$

116,724

$

(13,953)

(12)

%

The balance of contract assets is driven by the difference in timing of when revenue is recognized from performance obligations satisfied in the current reporting period and when amounts are invoiced to the customer. The balance of contract liabilities is driven by the difference in timing between when cash is received pursuant to a contract and when the Company’s performance obligations under the contract are satisfied.

The following table provides the activity for the contract liabilities recognized:

December 31, 

(in thousands)

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

Beginning balance

$

116,724

$

87,440

Additions

 

164,999

 

135,426

Recognized in revenue

(178,481)

(106,105)

Changes in estimate of transaction price

 

(471)

 

Marketing activities recognized on a net basis

 

 

(37)

Ending balance

$

102,771

$

116,724

Revenues include the following:

  ​

Year Ended December 31, 

(in thousands)

  ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

Amounts included in the beginning of period contract liabilities balance

$

42,422

$

24,006

Amounts associated with performance obligations satisfied in previous periods

$

3,432

$

42

It is anticipated that deferred revenue as of December 31, 2025 will be recognized in the following years ending December 31:

(in thousands)

2026

$

26,570

2027

 

20,843

2028

 

15,319

2029

1,498

$

64,230

As of December 31, 2025, there was $19.2 million in consideration received for charging credits, for which the timing of revenue recognition is uncertain. The Company expects to recognize revenue for these amounts as customers use their charging credits over the next 3.0 years.

ASC 606 does not require disclosure of the transaction price to remaining performance obligations if the contract contains variable consideration allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation. Under many customer contracts, each unit of product represents a separate performance obligation and therefore future volumes are wholly unsatisfied and thus disclosure of the transaction price allocated to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation is not required. Under these contracts, variability arises as both volume and pricing are not known until the product is delivered. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there was $19.3 million and $8.6 million, respectively, in variable

consideration for wholly unsatisfied performance obligations, which is included in deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 9, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 6, 2025
2023Mar 6, 2024
2022Mar 30, 2023
2021Mar 24, 2022

About Revenue Disclosures

Revenue disclosures under ASC 606 explain how a company identifies performance obligations, allocates transaction prices, and determines when revenue is recognized. This section is essential for understanding whether reported revenue reflects genuine economic activity or aggressive accounting choices. Analysts examine the mix of point-in-time versus over-time recognition, which directly affects revenue timing and comparability.

Key signals: rising contract liabilities (deferred revenue) suggest strong future revenue visibility, while declining contract assets may indicate slowing project milestones. Watch for variable consideration estimates — rebates, returns, and performance bonuses that require management judgment. Significant changes in disaggregated revenue by geography or product line can reveal shifting business mix before it appears in headline numbers. Compare revenue growth against contract liability growth to assess sustainability, and scrutinize any changes in the timing of recognition that coincide with earnings pressure.