21. SEGMENT INFORMATION

Edwards Lifesciences conducts operations worldwide and is managed in the following four reportable segments: United States, Europe, Japan, and Rest of World. All regions sell products that are used to treat advanced cardiovascular disease. The Company's operating segments are organized primarily based on economic characteristics as well as other characteristics, including types of customers, nature of the regulatory environment, and product offerings.

The Company's geographic segments are reported based on the financial information provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), which is the Company's Chief Executive Officer. The CODM evaluates the performance of the Company's reportable segments based on segment net sales and segment operating income. The CODM considers budget or forecast-to-actual results variances for segment operating income on a periodic basis for evaluating the performance of each segment and making decisions about allocating capital and other resources to each segment.

Segment net sales are based on actual foreign exchange rates. Segment expenses and segment operating income are based on internally derived foreign exchange rates and do not include inter-segment profits. Because of the interdependence of the reportable segments, the operating profit as presented may not be representative of the geographical distribution that would occur if the segments were not interdependent. Net sales by geographic area are based on the location of the customer. There were no customers that represented 10% or more of the Company's total net sales.

Certain items are maintained at the corporate level and are not allocated to the segments. The non-allocated items include corporate research and development expenses, manufacturing variances, corporate headquarters costs, net interest income, global marketing expenses, impairment charges, stock-based compensation, foreign currency hedging activities, certain litigation costs, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities, most of the Company's amortization, and a portion of the Company's depreciation expense. The CODM does not receive information on total assets by reportable segment.
The table below presents information about Edwards Lifesciences' reportable segments (in millions):
 Years Ended December 31,
 202520242023
Segment Net Sales
United States$3,543.1 $3,206.0 $2,947.9 
Europe1,517.5 1,321.7 1,180.2 
Japan354.7 339.8 350.8 
Rest of World652.3 572.0 531.1 
Total segment net sales$6,067.6 $5,439.5 $5,010.0 
Cost of Sales
United States$620.3 $546.6 $505.2 
Europe340.1 299.1 268.5 
Japan52.4 48.1 46.6 
Rest of World170.6 158.1 136.2 
Total segment cost of sales$1,183.4 $1,051.9 $956.5 
Selling, general, and administrative expenses
United States$575.3 $498.0 $432.8 
Europe315.0 282.6 260.6 
Japan78.5 85.1 70.1 
Rest of World209.6 181.4 166.4 
Total segment selling, general, and administrative expenses$1,178.4 $1,047.1 $929.9 
Other Segment Items
United States$2.5 $2.4 $2.1 
Europe66.2 14.9 (4.0)
Japan(10.0)(6.8)21.3 
Rest of World(26.4)(10.5)(0.5)
Total other segment items (a)
$32.3 $— $18.9 
Segment Operating Income
United States$2,345.0 $2,159.0 $2,007.8 
Europe796.2 725.1 655.1 
Japan233.8 213.4 212.8 
Rest of World298.5 243.0 229.0 
Total segment operating income$3,673.5 $3,340.5 $3,104.7 
_______________________________________________________________________________
(a)    Other segment items include research and development expenses and foreign currency.
 Years Ended December 31,
 202520242023
Pre-tax Income Reconciliation  
Segment operating income$3,673.5 $3,340.5 $3,104.7 
Unallocated amounts:
Corporate items(2,028.5)(1,886.8)(1,684.4)
Restructuring charges, separation costs, and other
(19.1)(61.0)— 
Intangible assets impairment charges
(40.0)— — 
Intellectual property agreement and certain litigation expenses
(325.4)(40.4)(203.5)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities12.5 — 26.2 
Foreign currency(8.8)26.4 65.9 
Consolidated operating income$1,264.2 $1,378.7 $1,308.9 
Non-operating income8.7 169.4 63.5 
Consolidated pre-tax income$1,272.9 $1,548.1 $1,372.4 

Enterprise-Wide Information

Enterprise-wide information is based on actual foreign exchange rates used in the Company's consolidated financial statements. See above for United States net sales for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023. Sales within any other individual country were less than 10 percent of the Company's consolidated net sales in each of those years.

 As of or for the Years Ended December 31,
 202520242023
(in millions)
Net Sales by Major Product Group  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement$4,487.7 $4,106.1 $3,879.8 
Transcatheter Mitral and Tricuspid Therapies550.6 352.1 197.6 
Surgical Structural Heart1,029.3 981.3 932.6 
$6,067.6 $5,439.5 $5,010.0 
Long-lived Tangible Assets by Geographic Region   
United States$1,259.7 $1,249.6 $1,186.9 
Other countries654.9534.6 488.5
$1,914.6 $1,784.2 $1,675.4 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 25, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 28, 2025
2023Feb 12, 2024
2022Feb 13, 2023
2021Feb 14, 2022
2020Feb 12, 2021
2019Feb 14, 2020
2018Feb 15, 2019
2017Feb 16, 2018
2016Feb 17, 2017
2015Feb 19, 2016

About Segments Disclosures

Segment disclosures break a company into its reportable operating units, revealing revenue, profit, and asset allocation that consolidated financial statements obscure. Under ASC 280, segments must match how the chief operating decision maker views the business, providing a window into internal management structure and resource allocation priorities.

Key signals: compare segment margins to identify which units drive profitability and which destroy value. Watch for changes in the number of reportable segments — segment aggregation or disaggregation often coincides with strategic shifts or attempts to obscure declining performance. Intersegment elimination patterns reveal internal pricing practices. The reconciliation between segment totals and consolidated figures exposes corporate overhead allocation and unallocated items. Geographic revenue concentration highlights regulatory and currency exposure. Compare segment-level capital expenditure against segment revenue to assess where management is investing for future growth versus harvesting existing assets.