Note 10. Fair value measurements
Derivative Instruments
The Company’s derivatives relate principally to interest rate swaps, designated as fair value hedges, to manage its exposure to interest rate movements on its debt. They are measured at fair value on a recurring basis through profit and loss using forward interest curves which are Level 2 inputs. The Company’s derivatives are not material. The notional amount of the Company’s outstanding fair value hedges as of July 31, 2025 was $150 million (2024: $300 million).
Equity investments
The fair value of the Company’s equity investments is measured on a recurring basis using market derived valuation methods upon occurrence of orderly transactions for identical or similar assets which is deemed a Level 3 input. The fair value of equity investments was $39 million as of July 31, 2025 (2024: $28 million) and the activity during fiscal 2025 was not material.
Other Fair Value Disclosures
Due to their short maturities, or their insignificance, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and short-term debt approximated their fair values at July 31, 2025 and 2024.
Non-recurring fair value measurements
Fair value estimates are made in connection with the Company’s acquisitions. See Note 16, Acquisitions of the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.
Liabilities for which fair value is only disclosed
Carrying amounts and the related estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term debt were as follows:
As of July 31,
20252024
(In millions)Carrying AmountFair ValueCarrying AmountFair Value
Unsecured Senior Notes$3,081 $3,033 $2,333 $2,263 
Private Placement Notes700 698 849 837 
The difference in fair values results from changes, since issuance, in the corporate debt markets and investor preferences. The fair value of the Unsecured Senior Notes and Private Placement Notes are classified as Level 2 fair value measurements, and were estimated using observable market prices as provided in secondary markets that consider the Company’s credit risk and market-related conditions.
Due to its variable rate nature, the carrying value of the Company’s variable rate debt approximates its fair value.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Sep 26, 2025Showing above
2024Sep 25, 2024

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.