Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU"), 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard will result in additional disclosure in the notes to the financial statements.
Under The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ("OECD") Inclusive Framework, 140 countries agreed to enact a two-pillar solution to reform the international tax rules to address the challenges arising from the globalization and digitalization of the economy. The Pillar Two Global Anti-Base Erosion ("GloBE") Rules provide a coordinated system to ensure that multinational enterprises with revenues above EUR 750 million pay a minimum effective tax rate of 15% tax on the income arising in each of the jurisdictions in which they operate. They will be liable to pay a top-up tax for the difference between their GloBE effective tax rate per jurisdiction and the 15% minimum rate. It is the ultimate parent entity of the multinational enterprise that is primarily liable for the GLoBE top-up tax in its jurisdiction’s territory. Therefore, some countries may engage in domestic tax policy reforms in anticipation of the GloBE rules becoming effective and enact their own domestic minimum tax rates to avoid “tax leakage”. Notwithstanding any new local minimum tax regime which may be designed to reduce or eliminate the GloBE top-up tax, additional top-up tax under GLoBE may still be due. This will depend on the local effective tax rate calculation according to the specific rules set out in the Pillar Two implementation guidance. Certain provisions of Pillar Two were effective for tax years beginning in January 2024 with other provisions effective for subsequent tax years. The technical aspects of the calculation are still being developed. However, on January 5, 2026, the OECD has introduced a permanent elective “Side-by-Side” safe harbor under which a multinational enterprise (“MNE”) may be exempt from the Pillar Two Income Inclusion Rule (“IIR”) and Undertaxed Profits Rule (“UTPR”) if it operates in a jurisdiction with qualifying domestic and worldwide minimum tax regimes that meet OECD standards. Based on current guidance, U.S. MNEs are expected to qualify for this safe harbor for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2026, subject to final implementation and confirmation of regime eligibility. Pillar Two did not have a material impact on the Company's financial results, including its annual estimated effective tax rate or liquidity in 2024 and 2025. The Company does not expect any increase in corporate tax rates or rules regarding the calculation of taxable income for the top-up tax that could adversely affect the business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flow for the Company's future tax years.
On July 4, 2025, the United States Congress passed the budget reconciliation bill H.R. 1, commonly referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA"). The OBBBA makes permanent many of the provisions previously enacted as part of the 2017 Tax Cut and Jobs Act that were set to expire at the end of 2025 and includes other changes to certain U.S. corporate tax provisions. The changes to U.S. tax law that were enacted under the OBBBA include modifications to capitalization of research and development expenses, limitations on deductions for interest expense and accelerated fixed asset depreciation. Based on our current U.S. tax position, we note no material tax impacts as a result of the changes introduced under the OBBBA.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-09 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 on a prospective basis. The adoption of the updated guidance results in the additional disaggregation of certain tax information within the Company's income tax footnote disclosure.