Income Taxes
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2025 and 2024 are presented below:
20252024
Deferred Tax Assets:  
Allowance for credit losses$4,303 $4,129 
Net operating loss carryforward – federal and state1,724 1,908 
Bank premises and equipment304 280 
Nonqualified stock options and restricted stock202 342 
Supplemental retirement plans200 205 
Lease liability1,478 1,740 
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale5,774 8,081 
Reserves for unfunded commitments107 116 
Other107 35 
$14,199 $16,836 
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Right-of-use assets$(1,381)$(1,623)
Deferred loan costs(148)(278)
Unrealized gains on interest rate swap(16)(1,223)
Other(403)(439)
$(1,948)$(3,563)
Net Deferred Tax Assets$12,251 $13,273 
The income tax expense charged to operations for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024 consists of the following:
20252024
Current income tax expense
Federal$5,577 $5,350 
State642 575 
Current tax expense$6,219 $5,925 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Federal$(12)$1,204 
State(17)104 
Deferred tax expense (benefit)$(29)$1,308 
Total income tax expense$6,190 $7,233 
The following table provides a reconciliation of tax expense computed at the statutory federal tax rate and the recorded tax expense (in dollars and percentages) for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
AmountPercentAmountPercent
Expected federal income tax expense$5,931 21.0 %$4,682 21.0 %
State Income Tax Expense, net of federal effect (1)
489 1.7 %536 2.4 %
Tax Credits (2)
(9)— %(8)— %
Non-taxable/ nondeductible items
Modified endowment contract penalties on BOLI surrender— — %722 3.2 %
Tax on loss of BOLI tax favored status of prior appreciation— — %1,644 7.4 %
Other Non-taxable/Non-Deductible Items(221)(0.8)%(343)(1.6)%
Provision for income taxes and effective income tax rate$6,190 21.9 %$7,233 32.4 %
(1) State taxes in Maryland made up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category in 2025 and 2024
(2) Historic tax credit
The following table presents income taxes paid (net of refunds received) for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, disaggregated by jurisdiction:
20252024
Federal$4,530 $5,247 
State and Local
Maryland728 *
   Other172 330 
$5,430 $5,577 
*Jurisdiction below the threshold for the period presented.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, the State of Maryland and District of Columbia. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal examination by tax authorities for years prior to 2022.
Under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, the Company has $7.2 million of net operating loss carryforwards acquired from Colombo which can be offset against future taxable income. The carryforwards expire through December 31, 2037. The full realization of tax benefits associated with carryforwards depends predominately upon the recognition of ordinary income during the carryforward period. The federal portion of net operating loss carryforwards available to offset taxable income is limited to $762 thousand annually under Internal Revenue Code section 382. The Company believes it will generate sufficient future taxable income to fully utilize the remaining carryforwards.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 16, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 20, 2025
2023Mar 21, 2024
2022Mar 24, 2023
2021Mar 24, 2022
2020Mar 25, 2021
2019Mar 27, 2020
2018Mar 29, 2019

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.