Commitments and contingencies
Capital commitments
As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, the Company has committed to spend $25,309 and $16,542, respectively, under agreements to purchase property, plant and equipment. This amount is net of capital advances paid in respect of such purchases.
Bank guarantees
The Company has outstanding bank guarantees and letters of credit amounting to $10,014 and $9,245 as of December 31, 2024 and 2025, respectively. Bank guarantees are generally provided to government agencies or for leases. These guarantees may be revoked if the beneficiary suffers any losses or damages through the breach of any of the covenants contained in the agreements governing such guarantees.
Other commitments
Certain units of the Company’s Indian subsidiaries are established as Software Technology Parks of India units or Special Economic Zone (“SEZ”) units under the relevant regulations issued by the Government of India. These units are exempt from customs and other duties on imported and indigenous capital goods, stores and spares. SEZ units are also exempt from the Indian Goods and Services Tax that was introduced in India in 2017. The Company has undertaken to pay taxes and duties, if any, in respect of capital goods, stores, spares and services consumed duty-free, in the event that certain terms and conditions are not fulfilled.
Contingency
(a) In February 2019, there was a judicial pronouncement in India with respect to defined contribution benefit payments interpreting certain statutory defined contribution obligations of employees and employers. If applied retrospectively, the interpretation would result in an increase in contributions payable by the Company for past periods for certain of its India-based employees. Due to a lack of interpretive guidance and based on legal advice the Company has obtained on the matter, it is currently impracticable to reliably estimate the timing and amount of any payments the Company may be required to make. Accordingly, the Company will await further clarity to evaluate the amount of a potential provision, if any.
(b) The Indian taxing authorities ("ITA") have issued assessment orders to certain subsidiaries of the Company seeking to assess income tax on certain transactions that occurred in 2015. The Company has received demands for potential tax claims related to these orders in an aggregate amount of $98,093, including interest through the date of the orders. This amount excludes penalties or interest accrued since the date of the orders. The Company is pursuing appeals before the relevant appellate authorities in respect of these orders. Further, in respect of a 2015 transaction, the ITA has attempted to revise a previously closed assessment. In 2022, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal of India (the "Tribunal") ruled in favor of the Company denying the ITA's ability to revise the assessment, and the ITA appealed this ruling before the Delhi High Court. In January 2023, notwithstanding the Tribunal’s decision in the Company's favor, the ITA issued a revised assessment order to the Company, and in March 2023, this assessment order was struck down by the Tribunal. The ITA then filed an appeal to the Delhi High Court challenging the decision of the Tribunal. In December 2024, the Delhi High Court dismissed the ITA's appeal of the Tribunal's order, upholding the Company’s position. Although the ITA has filed to appeal this decision to the Supreme Court of India, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that the Company’s position will ultimately prevail in respect of these transactions. Accordingly, no unrecognized tax benefit has been provided with respect to this matter as of December 31, 2025.