Note 14. Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1: Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in active exchange markets. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in less active dealer or broker markets. Valuations are obtained from third-party pricing services for identical or similar assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Valuations for assets and liabilities that are derived from other valuation methodologies, including option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques, and not based on market exchange, dealer or broker-traded transactions. Level 3 valuations incorporate certain unobservable assumptions and projections in determining the fair value assigned to such assets.

There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2, and 3 during the twelve months ended years ended December 31, 2025 or 2024.

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Securities Available for Sale - The fair value of investment securities classified as available for sale is measured using information from a third-party pricing service. The pricing service uses quoted market prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1), or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique, used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices.

The table below presents the balance of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of the dates indicated:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2025 Using:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quoted Prices In

 

 

Significant Other

 

 

Significant

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Carrying
Value at

 

 

Active
Markets

 

 

Observable
Inputs

 

 

Unobservable
Inputs

 

 

 

December 31, 2025

 

 

(Level 1)

 

 

(Level 2)

 

 

(Level 3)

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Available for sale debt securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Residential mortgage-backed securities

 

$

71,038

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

71,038

 

 

$

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Using:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quoted Prices In

 

 

Significant Other

 

 

Significant

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Carrying
Value at

 

 

Active
Markets

 

 

Observable
Inputs

 

 

Unobservable
Inputs

 

 

 

December 31, 2024

 

 

(Level 1)

 

 

(Level 2)

 

 

(Level 3)

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Available for sale debt securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Residential mortgage-backed securities

 

$

65,609

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

65,609

 

 

$

-

 

 

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

 

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).

 

Individually Evaluated Loans, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses - Individually evaluated loans, net of allowance for credit losses, are valued based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral, generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties. These loans are included as Level 3 fair values, based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

 

Other real estate owned - The fair value of other real estate owned is determined using independent appraisal values less estimated cost to sell.

The table below presents the balance of financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of the dates indicated:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2025 Using:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quoted Prices In

 

 

Significant Other

 

 

Significant

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Carrying
Value at

 

 

Active
Markets

 

 

Observable
Inputs

 

 

Unobservable
Inputs

 

 

 

December 31, 2025

 

 

(Level 1)

 

 

(Level 2)

 

 

(Level 3)

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Individually evaluated loans:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied

 

$

12,873

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

12,873

 

Commercial real estate - owner occupied

 

 

468

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

468

 

Other real estate owned:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied

 

 

1,800

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

1,800

 

Commercial real estate - owner occupied

 

 

2,061

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

2,061

 

Commercial and industrial

 

 

540

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

540

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Using:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quoted Prices In

 

 

Significant Other

 

 

Significant

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Carrying
Value at

 

 

Active
Markets

 

 

Observable
Inputs

 

 

Unobservable
Inputs

 

 

 

December 31, 2024

 

 

(Level 1)

 

 

(Level 2)

 

 

(Level 3)

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Individually evaluated loans:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial and industrial

 

$

634

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

634

 

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied

 

 

10,468

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

10,468

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The following tables present additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine the fair value as of the dates indicated.

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

 

 

Fair Value

 

 

Valuation

 

Unobservable

 

 

 

Weighted

December 31, 2025

 

Estimate

 

 

Technique

 

Input

 

Range

 

Average

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Individually evaluated loans:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied

 

$

12,873

 

 

Appraisal (1)

 

Appraisal adjustments (2)

 

15%-29%

 

24%

Commercial real estate - owner occupied

 

 

468

 

 

Appraisal (1)

 

Appraisal adjustments (2)

 

39%-39%

 

39%

Other real estate owned:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied

 

 

1,800

 

 

Appraisal (1)

 

Appraisal adjustments (2)

 

10%-10%

 

10%

Commercial real estate - owner occupied

 

 

2,061

 

 

Appraisal (1)

 

Appraisal adjustments (2)

 

10%-10%

 

10%

Commercial and industrial

 

 

540

 

 

Appraisal (1)

 

Appraisal adjustments (2)

 

10%-10%

 

10%

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

 

 

Fair Value

 

 

Valuation

 

Unobservable

 

 

 

Weighted

December 31, 2024

 

Estimate

 

 

Technique

 

Input

 

Range

 

Average

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Individually evaluated loans:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial and industrial

 

$

634

 

 

Appraisal (1)

 

Appraisal adjustments (2)

 

43%-43%

 

43%

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied

 

 

10,468

 

 

Appraisal (1)

 

Appraisal adjustments (2)

 

21%-59%

 

43%

 

(1)
Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals which generally include various level 3 inputs that are not identifiable.
(2)
Appraisal amounts may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. The range of liquidation expenses and other adjustments are presented as a percent of the appraisal or financial statement book value.

Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows as of the dates indicated:

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2025

 

 

December 31, 2024

 

 

 

Fair Value
Hierarchy

 

Carrying

 

 

Estimated

 

 

Carrying

 

 

Estimated

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Level

 

Amount

 

 

Fair Value

 

 

Amount

 

 

Fair Value

 

Financial instruments - assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and due from banks

 

1

 

$

5,326

 

 

$

5,326

 

 

$

9,262

 

 

$

9,262

 

Interest-bearing deposits with other financial institutions

 

1

 

 

192,538

 

 

 

192,538

 

 

 

114,860

 

 

 

114,860

 

Investment securities available for sale

 

2

 

 

71,038

 

 

 

71,038

 

 

 

65,609

 

 

 

65,609

 

Investment securities held to maturity

 

2

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

40,569

 

 

 

40,392

 

Loans held for sale

 

3

 

 

46,009

 

 

 

47,676

 

 

 

32,649

 

 

 

33,930

 

Loans, net

 

3

 

 

949,379

 

 

 

957,194

 

 

 

806,844

 

 

 

812,674

 

Loan servicing assets

 

3

 

 

11,140

 

 

 

20,169

 

 

 

8,976

 

 

 

15,546

 

Federal Home Loan Bank stock

 

2

 

 

5,513

 

 

 

5,513

 

 

 

4,652

 

 

 

4,652

 

Accrued interest receivable

 

2

 

 

7,840

 

 

 

7,840

 

 

 

7,184

 

 

 

7,184

 

Financial instruments - liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deposits

 

2

 

 

1,142,695

 

 

 

1,122,810

 

 

 

935,080

 

 

 

899,360

 

Short-term borrowings

 

2

 

 

371

 

 

 

371

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

Subordinated debt

 

2

 

 

26,163

 

 

 

25,559

 

 

 

26,088

 

 

 

24,830

 

Accrued interest payable

 

2

 

 

3,884

 

 

 

3,884

 

 

 

3,063

 

 

 

3,063

 

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.