10. Income Taxes

 

No federal tax provision has been provided for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, due to the losses incurred during the periods. Reconciled below is the difference between the income tax rate computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory rate and the effective tax rates for the respective period:

 

Schedule of Income Tax Effective Tax Rate 

  

Year Ended

December 31, 2025

  

Year Ended

December 31, 2024

 
         
U.S. federal statutory tax rate  $(21.0)%  $(21.0)%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit   (5.1)%   (6.4)%
Change in valuation allowance   26.1%   27.4%
Effective tax rate  $0.0%  $0.0%

 

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized below.

 

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities 

  

Year Ended

December 31, 2025

  

Year Ended

December 31, 2024

 
Deferred tax assets         
Net operating loss carry forwards  $8,375,000  $7,763,000 
Share-based compensation   6,604,000    4,941,000 
Limitation on the deduction of interest   1,953,000    2,695,000 
Operating lease liability   297,000    397,000 
Property and equipment   62,000    74,000 
Gross deferred taxes   17,291,000    15,870,000 
Less: valuation allowance   

(17,291,000

)   (15,870,000)
Total deferred tax assets  $-    $- 
           
Deferred tax liabilities          
Intangible assets and goodwill   (323,000)   (738,000)
Operating lease right-of-use asset   (285,000)   (385,000)
Total deferred tax liabilities   (608,000)   (1,123,000)
Net deferred tax liability  $(608,000)  $(1,123,000)

 

 

In assessing the potential realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends on the Company generating future taxable income in the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, management was unable to determine if it is more likely than not that the Company’s deferred tax assets will be realized and has therefore recorded an appropriate valuation allowance against deferred tax assets at such dates.

 

As of December 31, 2025, the Company has available net operating loss carry forwards for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $35,145,000 and $18,938,000. Federal net operating losses of approximately $9,876,000 were incurred before 2018 and carry forward for 20-years. They will begin to expire, if unutilized, beginning after the year ending December 31, 2034. The remaining Federal Net Losses of approximately $25,269,000 were incurred after 2017 and carry forward indefinitely, but the deductions for these net operating loss carry forwards are limited to 80% of taxable income. The state net operating loss carry forwards, depending on the state, are from 12 to 20 years and expire in tax years ending after December 31, 2032 through 2045. The ability to utilize net operating loss carry forwards to offset future income may be limited under the Internal Revenue Code after significant ownership changes.

 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 18, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 31, 2025
2023Apr 9, 2024
2022Mar 7, 2023

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.