COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal Matters
From time to time, the Company may be involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in such matters may arise and harm the Company’s business. Except as otherwise disclosed in this Note 10, “Commitments and Contingencies—Legal Matters,” the Company is currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that it believes will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, or operating results.
Title V Air Permit Renewal Litigation and Stipulation of Settlement
In June 2022, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (“NYSDEC”) denied the Company’s application to renew the Title V Air Permit for the New York Facility. The Company pursued administrative review of that determination, which was ultimately affirmed by NYSDEC’s Regional Director for Region 7 on May 8, 2024, rendering the denial final for purposes of judicial review. On August 15, 2024, the Company filed a verified petition and complaint pursuant to Article 78 of the New York Civil Practice Law and Rules in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, Yates County (the “Court”), seeking to annul NYSDEC’s denial of the renewal application and obtain declaratory and injunctive relief relating to NYSDEC’s interpretation and application of the New York Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act.
On November 14, 2024, the Court issued a decision annulling NYSDEC’s denial of the renewal application and remanding the matter to NYSDEC for further proceedings. The Company subsequently filed a notice of appeal with the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, Fourth Judicial Department (the “Fourth Department”), seeking
review of certain aspects of the Court’s decision. Administrative proceedings concerning the renewal application resumed before NYSDEC following the Court’s remand.
On November 7, 2025, the Company entered into a Stipulation of Settlement (the “Stipulation”) with NYSDEC intended to resolve the ongoing administrative and judicial proceedings concerning renewal of the Title V Air Permit for the New York Facility consistent with the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (“CLCPA”). Pursuant to the Stipulation, the Company submitted to NYSDEC an application (the “Application”) supplementing the renewal application to incorporate new greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions limits and related monitoring and reporting requirements set forth in the Stipulation. NYSDEC agreed to process the Application pursuant to the New York State Uniform Procedures Act and 6 NYCRR Part 621 and to issue a draft five-year Title V Air Permit modification and renewal (the “Draft Title V Air Permit”) incorporating the conditions set forth in the Stipulation.
While the Stipulation provides a pathway toward resolution of the permit renewal process, there can be no assurance that a final Title V Air Permit will ultimately be issued, that the Company will be able to comply with the stipulated GHG limits, or that third-party challenges will not delay or prevent final resolution. The Company’s inability to obtain a final Title V Air Permit for the New York Facility could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Environmental Liabilities
The Company has a coal combustion residual (“CCR”) liability associated with the closure of a coal ash pond located on the Company’s property in Torrey, New York. In accordance with ASC 410-30, the Company has a liability of $17.3 million and $17.3 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. CCRs are subject to federal and state requirements. In October 2023, the Company completed the necessary steps to officially cease use of the coal ash pond. Following this occurring, the Company is required to complete the remediation of the coal ash pond CCR by November 2028 and will perform the work in stages over the next four years. On October 1, 2025, the Company provided a beneficial use demonstration to support a two-year extension of the deadline to initiate closure. With this two-year extension, the deadline for Greenidge to either initiate closure of the onsite CCR surface impoundment (C-Pond) or to demonstrate the need for an additional two-year extension under 40 C.F.R. § 257.102(e)(2)(ii) will be October 10, 2027. Further economic and viability analysis is required in order to initiate a material change to the closure plan. The Company has continued to estimate the liability using the prior closure and disposal assumptions as further analysis required to support the beneficial use assumptions is not yet available. The Company intends to use the two year closure extension to perform this analysis and therefore has updated its closure timeline assumptions to reflect this longer time frame to complete the closure work.
Estimates are based on various assumptions including, but not limited to, closure and post-closure cost estimates, timing of expenditures, escalation factors, and requirements of granted permits. Additional adjustments to the environment liability may occur periodically due to potential changes in remediation requirements regarding coal combustion residuals which may lead to material changes in estimates and assumptions.
The Company owns and operates a fully permitted landfill that also acts as a leachate treatment facility. In accordance with ASC 410-30, Environmental Obligations (ASC 410-30), the Company has recorded an environmental liability of $13.7 million and $13.4 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which includes a charge of $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to a remeasurement increase. As required by NYSDEC, companies with landfills are required to fund a trust to cover closure costs and expenses after the landfill has stopped operating or, in lieu of a trust, may negotiate to maintain a letter of credit guaranteeing the payment of the liability. Estimates are based on various assumptions including, but not limited to, closure and post-closure cost estimates, timing of expenditures, escalation factors, and requirements of granted permits. Additional adjustments to the environment liability may occur periodically due to potential changes in estimates and assumptions. The liability has been determined based on estimated costs to remediate as well as post-closure costs which are assumed over an approximate 30-year period and assumes an annual inflation rate of 2.4%, compared to an annual inflation rate of 2.3% in the prior year.
Commitments
The Company entered into a contract with Empire Pipeline Incorporated in September 2020, which provides for the transportation to its pipeline of 15,000 dekatherms of natural gas per day, approximately $0.2 million per month. The
contract ends in September 2030 and may be terminated by either party with 12 months’ notice after the initial 10-year period.
In January 2024, the Company entered into a five-year capacity lease agreement, which provides the Company with 7.5 MW of self-mining capacity. The Company began mining in April 2024. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized $3.9 million and $2.8 million, respectively, of variable costs in connection with the capacity lease agreement, which is included within Cost of revenue - cryptocurrency mining (exclusive of depreciation) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Effective March 31, 2025, the Company concluded that the portion of the contract consideration became fixed, creating a required minimum usage of 7.5 MW at a cost of $58.50 per MWh. As such, the Company re-assessed and re-allocated consideration in the contract to separate lease components and the non-lease components using relative standalone prices. The Company concluded that the portion of the contract consideration allocated to the lease component was de minimis and, therefore, no ROU asset and lease liability were recorded in the consolidated balance sheets.
In June 2024, the Company entered into an operating lease, which has a term of five years. The Company recorded a ROU asset and lease liability of $0.2 million, which are included in Other long-term assets and Other long-term liabilities, respectively, upon commencement of such operating lease in August 2024.
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Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 31, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 31, 2025
2023Apr 10, 2024
2022Mar 31, 2023
2021Mar 31, 2022

About Commitments Disclosures

Commitments and contingencies disclosures catalog a company's off-balance-sheet obligations and legal exposures — purchase commitments, guarantee arrangements, pending litigation, and regulatory proceedings. These items represent potential future cash outflows that may not appear as liabilities on the balance sheet until they become probable and estimable.

Key signals: litigation reserves and disclosed loss ranges quantify management's estimate of legal exposure, but unquantified "reasonably possible" losses often represent the larger risk. Watch for changes in language around pending cases — shifts from "remote" to "reasonably possible" or increases in estimated loss ranges signal deteriorating outcomes. Unconditional purchase obligations and take-or-pay contracts create fixed cost structures that reduce operational flexibility. Guarantee arrangements for subsidiaries or joint ventures can create cascading obligations. Compare the total commitment schedule against projected free cash flow to assess whether the company can meet its obligations without additional financing.