NOTE 5 – Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

 

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

   Fair value measured on December 31, 2025 
   Total at
December 31,
2025
   Quoted
prices
in active
markets
(Level 1)
   Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
   Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:                
Crypto assets $191,367  $191,367  $        $ 
Investment in joint ventures $36,819  $  $  $36,819 

 

   Fair value measured on December 31, 2024 
   Total at
December 31,
2024
   Quoted
prices
in active
markets
(Level 1)
   Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
   Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets                
Investment in joint ventures $36,819  $       $         $36,819 

 

Level 3 Measurement

 

The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

Investment in joint venture for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
 
   For the Year Ended
December 31,
 
   2025   2024 
Investment in joint ventures at fair value – beginning of year $36,819  $37,400 
Change in fair value of investment in joint ventures  -   (581)
Investment in joint ventures at fair value – end of year $36,819  $36,819 

 

Investment in Joint Ventures

 

The Company has elected to measure the investment in joint ventures using the fair value option at each reporting date. Under the fair value option, bifurcation of an embedded derivative is not necessary, and all related gains and losses on the host contract and derivative due to change in the fair value will be reflected in other income (expenses), net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

 

The value at which the Company’s investment in joint ventures is carried on its books is adjusted to estimated fair value at the end of each quarter, taking into account general economic and stock market conditions and those characteristics specific to the underlying investments.

 

Investment in Zylö Therapeutics

 

In connection with the Company’s March 2020 underwritten public offering of shares of its common stock, on May 4, 2020, the Company purchased 120,000 shares of Zylö Therapeutics (“Zylö”) Class B common stock for $60,000. On December 8, 2021, the Company entered into a third amendment (the “Zylö Amendment”) to the Exclusive Sublicense Agreement with Zylö originally dated August 19, 2019 (as amended, the “Exclusive Sublicense Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company licensed its novel cannabinoid therapeutic, HT-005 for lupus patients, back to Zylö. Pursuant to the Zylö Amendment, on December 6, 2021, Zylö issued the Company 100,000 shares of its Class B common stock. In addition, pursuant to the Zylö Amendment, within 90 days following a sale by Zylö of all of its assets and rights related to HT-005 to a third-party (a “Sale”), Zylö shall pay the Company a low single digit percent of the net proceeds received by it attributable to HT-005 in the United States and Canada and their respective territories (collectively, the “Territory”) for the purposes of therapeutic uses related to lupus in humans (the “Field”). After the Sale, any and all rights of the Company pursuant to the Exclusive Sublicense Agreement, including all amendments thereto, shall terminate. Furthermore, pursuant to the Zylö Amendment, following the date of the first commercial sale of HT-005 in the Territory, in the Field, Zylö shall pay the Company (i) a low single digit percent of the Net Sales (as defined in the Exclusive Sublicense Agreement) of HT-005 in the event HT-005 is sold in the Territory and (ii) a low double digit percent of any royalty that Zylö receives through the sublicense to a third-party based on Net Sales of HT-005 in the Territory which payments shall continue in each country in the Territory until expiration of the last-to-expire Valid Claim (as defined in the Exclusive Sublicense Agreement). Zylö conducted a 409A valuation of their Class B common stock in February 2024, and as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, valued its 220,000 Zylö shares at $36,740, or at a price at $0.167 and $0.167 per share, respectively. This value was ratified by Zylö’s board of directors in February 2024.

 

On February 23, 2024, the Company acquired 22,000 shares of Class B Common stock of Atticus Pharma, a subsidiary of Zylö Therapeutics, based upon a 1-for-10 ratio of current shares and was instructed, on July 3, 2024, that the 409A valuation of the shares was $79, or $0.0036 per share, pursuant to the February 2024 valuation ratified by Zylö’s board of directors.

 

On September 23, 2025, the Company received 110,000 shares of Class N common stock of Finch Pharma, a subsidiary of Zylö Therapeutics, based upon a 1-for-2 ratio of current shares and was instructed, on January 26, 2026, that a 409A valuation of $0.036 on each Class C Common Share was done on September 23, 2025. Given that these shares have voting rights and the Class N common stock owned by the Company do not, management reduced the value to $0.034 per share of Class N common stock, reflecting the 3-5% premium typically attributed to voting rights, valuing the shares at $3,740. The Finch Pharma shares were received for no consideration and accordingly, the Company did not increase its investment in Zylö for such shares.

 

The valuations reflect a probability-weighted present value of expected future investment returns considering certain possible outcomes and the rights of each class of Zylö’s, Atticus Pharma’s, and Finch’s equity. The future values of the common stock under the various outcomes are discounted back to the valuation date at a risk-adjusted discount rate and probability weighted to determine the value for the Class B common stock. Significant unobservable inputs in the valuation include: (i) probabilities of each scenario, (ii) timing of occurrence, (iii) future valuation; (iv) and the risk-adjusted discount rate.

 

The consolidated investment in Zylö was valued at $36,819 and $36,819 as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Mar 27, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 28, 2025
2023Mar 28, 2024
2022Mar 31, 2023
2021Mar 30, 2022

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.