10. INCOME TAXES

 

The following is a reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the combined Canadian federal and provincial income statutory corporate tax rate of 27.0% to the tax expense: 

 

   2025   2024 
   $   $ 
US net income (loss) before taxes   423,063    (1,756,965)
Canada net income (loss) before taxes   (8,585,196)   (5,911,485)
Net income (loss) before taxes   (8,162,133)   (7,668,450)
           
Income tax expense (recovery) at the statutory rate   (2,229,159)   (1,966,981)
Increase (reduction) in income taxes resulting from:          
Change in valuation allowance   4,167,827    1,625,998 
State taxes   76,974    (21,942)
Permanent differences   34,335    39,252 
True up to the return   2,982    (303,595)
State Rate Change   8,086    2,949 
Foreign exchange differences   (1,589,832   618,907 
Share issuance cost capitalized in equity   (492,446)   (123,415)
Other   21,233    135,927
Income tax expense   -    7,100 

 

As of June 30, 2025, the Company has non-capital loss carry-forwards of approximately $89.2 million (June 30, 2024 - $72.7 million) available to offset future taxable income in Canada. These non-capital loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2026. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has US Federal net operating losses of $5.4 million and state net operating losses of $2.7 million. As of June 30, 2024, the Company has US Federal net operating losses of $7.5 million and state net operating losses of $3.7 million. The US Federal NOLs have an indefinite carryforward period, and the state NOLs begin to expire in 2042.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

 

   2025   2024 
   $   $ 
Non-capital losses   25,463,223    21,501,476 
Financing costs   733,014    861,867 
Accrued expenses   61,845    12,831 
Intangible assets, net   496,440    146,193 
Tax credits   221,406    241,270 
Lease liability   108,525    164,288 
    27,084,453    22,927,925 
Intangible assets, net   (57,977)   - 
Property and equipment, net   (98,627)   (116,231)
Lease obligations   (106,029)   (157,701)
    (262,633)   (273,932)
Net deferred tax asset   26,821,820    22,653,993 
Valuation allowance   (26,821,820)   (22,653,993)
    -    - 

 

A full valuation allowance has been applied against the net deferred tax assets because it is more likely than not that future taxable income will not be available against which the Company can utilize the benefits therefrom.

  

The Company recognizes tax benefits from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from any such position would be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. It is the Company’s policy to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any uncertain tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

 

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various state jurisdictions, and Canada. The Company’s U.S. Federal and State tax returns for the years 2021 through 2024 remain subject to examination by their respective taxing authorities. 

 

The Company is subject to taxation at the federal, state, and local levels in the United States and Canada. 

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Sep 23, 2025Showing above
2024Sep 30, 2024
2023Sep 29, 2023

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.