Note 15. Fair value measurement
Assets and liabilities that are measured in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value are categorized into a three-level hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation. The categorization within the hierarchy is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement, being:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date.
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly
Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
The following tables present the Group’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Fair value measured as of June 30, 2025
(in USD thousands)Total carrying valueQuoted prices in active markets (Level 1)Significant other observable inputs
(Level 2)
Significant unobservable inputs
(Level 3)
Financial assets
2030 Prepaid Forward Contract
$83,117 $$83,117 $
2029 Prepaid Forward Contract
128,500 128,500 
Total financial assets
$211,617 $$211,617 $
Derivative assets
2030 Capped Call Transactions
$46,400 $$$46,400 
2029 Capped Call Transactions
75,700 75,700 
Bitcoin purchase option
5,756 5,756 
Total derivative assets
$127,856 $$5,756 $122,100 
Fair value measured as of June 30, 2024
(in USD thousands)Total carrying valueQuoted prices in active markets (Level 1)Significant other observable inputs
(Level 2)
Significant unobservable inputs
(Level 3)
Electricity financial asset
$6,530 $$6,530 $
Fair value of financial instruments not recognized at fair value
The following tables present information about the Group’s financial instruments that are not recognized at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025. As at June 30, 2024, there were no such financial instruments.
Fair value measured as of June 30, 2025
(in USD thousands)Total carrying valueQuoted prices in active markets (Level 1)Significant other observable inputs
(Level 2)
Significant unobservable inputs
(Level 3)
2030 Notes$427,837 $483,089 $$
2029 Notes534,928 712,844 
Total financial liabilities at amortized cost$962,765 $1,195,933 $$

There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 during the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Refer to Note 10. Financial assets and Note 14. Derivatives for the significant fair value assumptions and activities of the financial instruments measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.