Note 3: Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a fair value hierarchy for those instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and its own assumptions (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy consists of three levels:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The Company’s financial instruments as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 consisted primarily of cash equivalents and contingent consideration. Cash equivalents and contingent consideration are reported at their respective fair values on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The Company acquired Combangio in November 2021 and in connection with the closing of the Combangio Acquisition, the Company agreed to issue an aggregate of 155,664 shares (the “Deferred Purchase Consideration”) of the Company’s common stock to former Combangio stockholders and other equityholders (the “Combangio Equityholders”) consisting of (i) an aggregate of 136,314 shares of common stock issued on January 3, 2022 and (ii) an aggregate of 19,350 shares of common stock that were held back as partial security for the satisfaction of indemnification obligations and other payment obligations of the Combangio Equityholders and were issued on March 10, 2023 (the “Holdback Shares”). The Company established liabilities for these considerations.

Additionally, the purchase price in connection with the Combangio Acquisition included potential future payments of up to $105,000 that are contingent upon the achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercialization milestones and are required to be recorded at fair value.

As of December 31, 2025, of the $105,000 in contingent milestone payments, the Company has paid to the Combangio Equityholders an aggregate of $2,646 in cash and $2,354 in shares of the Company’s common stock (representing an aggregate of 105,038 shares of the Company’s common stock) following dosing of the first patient in the Company’s CHASE Phase 2b clinical trial of KPI-012 for PCED in the United States in February 2023 (the “First Dosing Milestone”). Contingent consideration liabilities related to acquisitions are measured at fair value each reporting period using Level 3 unobservable inputs. The fair values of the contingent consideration liabilities were based on a probability-adjusted discounted cash flow calculation using Level 3 fair value measurements. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities. Any changes in the fair value of these contingent consideration liabilities are included in loss from operations in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

On September 29, 2025, the Company announced that the CHASE trial of KPI-012 for the treatment of PCED did not meet the primary endpoint of complete healing of PCED as measured by corneal fluorescein staining. The CHASE trial also failed to achieve statistical significance for key secondary efficacy endpoints and did not show any

meaningful difference between either KPI-012 treatment arm and the placebo arm. Based on the CHASE trial results, we determined to cease development of KPI-012 and our MSC-S platform. Therefore, the contingent consideration was fully remeasured to zero with no potential possibilities for any milestone payments.

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the change in the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities was a gain of $4,659 and a loss of $549, respectively, primarily due to changes in discount rates, the passage of time and changes in the expected timing and probability of payment, and were recognized as a (gain)/loss on fair value remeasurement of contingent consideration in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments by level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

December 31, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

Fair Value

  ​ ​ ​

Level 1

  ​ ​ ​

Level 2

  ​ ​ ​

Level 3

Assets:

Cash equivalents

$

-

$

-

$

$

Total Assets

$

-

$

-

$

$

December 31, 2024

  ​ ​ ​

Fair Value

  ​ ​ ​

Level 1

  ​ ​ ​

Level 2

  ​ ​ ​

Level 3

Assets:

Cash equivalents

$

39,707

$

39,707

$

$

Total Assets

$

39,707

$

39,707

$

$

Liabilities:

Contingent consideration - Non-Current

$

4,659

$

$

$

4,659

Total Liabilities

$

4,659

$

$

$

4,659

The following tables summarize quantitative information and assumptions pertaining to the fair value measurement of the Level 3 inputs as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Fair Value at

December 31, 

Range

Financial Instrument

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

Valuation Technique

  ​ ​ ​

Unobservable Input

  ​ ​ ​

(Average)

Contingent consideration

$

-

Probability-adjusted

Period of expected milestone achievement

2026 - 2028 (2028)

discounted cash flow model

Probabilities of achievement

16.6% - 35.5% (23.4%)

Discount rate

15.5%

Fair Value at

December 31,

Range

Financial Instrument

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

Valuation Technique

  ​ ​ ​

Unobservable Input

  ​ ​ ​

(Average)

Contingent consideration

$

4,659

Probability-adjusted

Period of expected milestone achievement

2026 - 2028 (2028)

discounted cash flow model

Probabilities of achievement

16.6% - 35.5% (23.4%)

Discount rate

14.3%

The following table summarizes the changes in the Deferred Purchase Consideration and contingent consideration liabilities measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Contingent consideration

Balance at January 1, 2024

$

4,110

Fair value adjustments

549

Balance at December 31, 2024

$

4,659

Fair value adjustments

(4,659)

Balance at December 31, 2025

$

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3.

The carrying value reported on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to their short-term nature.

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Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Apr 15, 2026Showing above
2024Mar 31, 2025
2023Mar 29, 2024
2022Mar 3, 2023
2021Mar 29, 2022
2020Feb 25, 2021
2019Feb 12, 2020
2018Mar 12, 2019
2017Apr 2, 2018

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.