NOTE 16. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

 

The Company recorded pre-tax compensation expense related to the grant of stock options and restricted stock issued of $39,622 and $128,519 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

 

As of December 31, 2025, the Company has adopted various stock option and restricted stock plans which are referred to as the “Plans.” The Company registers all shares of common stock that are issuable under its Plans with the SEC. A total of 125,021 shares remain available for awards under the various Plans as of December 31, 2025.

 

Stock option grants. The Company believes that award of stock options better align the interests of our employees with those of its stockholders. Option awards have been granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of its stock at the date of grant with such option awards which generally vest based on the completion of continuous service and have ten-year contractual terms. These option awards typically provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the Plans).

 

 

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. Activity involving the award of stock options during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 is reflected in the following table:

 

Options  Number of
Shares
   Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2025   9   $270,840 
Granted        
Exercised        
Forfeited        
Outstanding at December 31, 2025   9   $270,840 
Exercisable at December 31, 2025   9   $270,840 

 

Options  Number of
Shares
   Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2024   10   $273,300 
Granted        
Exercised        
Forfeited   (1)   (390,000)
Outstanding at December 31, 2024   9   $270,840 
Exercisable at December 31, 2024   9   $270,840 

 

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option valuation model.

 

The Plans allow for the cashless exercise of stock options. This provision allows the option holder to surrender/cancel options with an intrinsic value equivalent to the purchase/exercise price of other options exercised. There were no shares surrendered pursuant to cashless exercises during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

 

No compensation expense was recognized for stock options during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, as all outstanding options were fully vested in prior periods. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, no outstanding or exercisable options had intrinsic value, as all exercise prices exceeded the market price of the Company’s common stock on those dates.

 

The following table summarizes the range of exercise prices and weighted average remaining contractual life for outstanding and exercisable options under the Company’s option plans as of December 31, 2025:

 

   Outstanding options   Weighted average  Exercisable options   Weighted average
Exercise price
range
  Number of
options
   remaining
contractual life
  Number of
options
   remaining
contractual life
               
$0.01 to $249,999        3   5.5 years       3   5.5 years
$250,000 to $349,999   3   4.0 years   3   4.0 years
$350,000 to $364,000   3   2.8 years   3   2.8 years
                 
Total   9   4.1 years   9   4.1 years

 

Restricted stock grants. The Board of Directors has granted restricted stock awards under the Plans. Restricted stock awards are valued on the date of grant and have no purchase price for the recipient. Restricted stock awards typically vest over one to four years corresponding to anniversaries of the grant date. Under the Plans, unvested shares of restricted stock awards may be forfeited upon the termination of service to or employment with the Company, depending upon the circumstances of termination. Except for restrictions placed on the transferability of restricted stock, holders of unvested restricted stock have full stockholder’s rights, including voting rights and the right to receive cash dividends.

 

 

A summary of all restricted stock activity under the equity compensation plans for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:

 

   Number of
Restricted
shares
  

Weighted

average
grant date
fair value

 
Nonvested balance, January 1, 2025   20   $13,916 
Granted        
Vested   (10)   (16,024)
Forfeited        
Nonvested balance, December 31, 2025   10   $11,807 

 

   Number of
Restricted
shares
  

Weighted

average
grant date
fair value

 
Nonvested balance, January 1, 2024   21   $67,620 
Granted   14    12,720 
Vested   (6)   (60,360)
Forfeited   (9)   (133,200)
Nonvested balance, December 31, 2024   20   $13,916 

 

The Company estimated the fair market value of these restricted stock grants based on the closing market price on the date of the grant. As of December 31, 2025, there was $18,912 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to all remaining non-vested restricted stock grants, which will be amortized over the next twenty-five months in accordance with their respective vesting scale.

 

The nonvested balance of restricted stock vests as follows:

 

Years ended  Number of
shares
 
     
2027   5 
2028   3 
2029   2 
2030    
2031    

 

About Stock Compensation Disclosures

Stock-based compensation disclosures detail the equity awards granted to employees and executives — including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance shares — along with the valuation methods and assumptions used to expense them. This section reveals the true cost of talent retention and the alignment between management incentives and shareholder interests.

Key signals: total unrecognized compensation expense and its expected recognition period signal future earnings headwinds from already-granted awards. For stock options, examine Black-Scholes assumptions — expected volatility, risk-free rate, and expected term — as understating any of these reduces reported compensation expense. Compare stock compensation expense as a percentage of revenue against peers to assess dilution cost. Watch vesting schedules for acceleration clauses tied to change-of-control events. Performance-based awards with undemanding targets may indicate weak governance. Add back stock compensation to operating cash flow to calculate a more conservative free cash flow figure.