GOODWILL AND FRANCHISE VALUE
The following is a roll-forward of goodwill:
($ in millions)Vehicle OperationsFinancing OperationsConsolidated
Balance as of December 31, 2023$1,913.0 $17.6 $1,930.6 
Adjustments to purchase price allocations 2
47.7 — 47.7 
Additions through acquisitions 1
167.0 — 167.0 
Reductions through divestitures(22.1)— (22.1)
Currency translation(6.3)(1.4)(7.7)
Balance as of December 31, 20242,099.3 16.2 2,115.5 
Additions through acquisitions 3
383.1 — 383.1 
Reductions through divestitures(39.2)— (39.2)
Currency translation16.5 0.8 17.3 
Balance as of December 31, 2025$2,459.7 $17.0 $2,476.7 
(1)Our purchase price allocations (PPA) for the 2023 acquisitions were finalized in 2024. As a result, we added $146.6 million of goodwill. Preliminary PPA for a portion of our 2024 acquisitions resulted in adding $20.4 million of goodwill.
(2)Our PPA for a portion of the 2023 acquisitions recognized in 2023 was adjusted and finalized in 2024 upon the completion of our fair value adjustments for assumed contract liabilities, acquired loan portfolio, and contingent consideration, adding $47.7 million of goodwill.
(3)Our PPA for the 2024 acquisitions were finalized in 2025. As a result, we added $348.2 million of goodwill. Preliminary PPA for a portion of our 2025 acquisitions resulted in adding $34.9 million of goodwill. Our PPA for the remaining 2025 acquisitions is preliminary and goodwill is not yet allocated to our segments. These amounts are included as a component other non-current assets until we finalize our purchase accounting. See Note 17 – Acquisitions.

The following is a roll-forward of franchise value:
($ in millions)Franchise Value
Balance as of December 31, 2023$2,402.2 
Additions through acquisitions1
172.5 
Reductions through divestitures(9.5)
Currency translation(14.9)
Balance as of December 31, 20242,550.3 
Additions through acquisitions2
231.1 
Reductions through divestitures(20.9)
Reductions from impairments3
(5.8)
Currency translation22.7 
Balance as of December 31, 2025$2,777.4 
(1)Our PPA for the 2023 acquisitions were finalized in 2024. As a result, we added $172.5 million of franchise value.
(2)Our PPA for the 2024 acquisitions were finalized in 2025. As a result, we added $218.0 million of franchise value. Preliminary PPA for a portion of our 2025 acquisitions resulted in adding $13.1 million of franchise value. Our PPA for the remaining 2025 acquisitions is preliminary and franchise value is not yet recorded. These amounts are included as a component of other non-current assets until we finalize our purchase accounting. See Note 17 – Acquisitions.
(3)In our annual impairment testing (See Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies), we determined the franchise value of one underperforming store was not recoverable resulting in an impairment of franchise value of $5.8 million being recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as Asset impairments. Balance as of December 31, 2025 is net of accumulated impairments of this amount only.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 25, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 24, 2025
2023Feb 23, 2024
2022Feb 24, 2023

About Goodwill & Intangibles Disclosures

Goodwill and intangible asset disclosures reveal the premium paid in acquisitions and how management assesses whether that premium retains its value. Since goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP, the annual impairment test is the only mechanism that adjusts carrying values downward — making the assumptions behind that test critically important for investors.

Key signals: a history of goodwill impairments suggests management consistently overpays for acquisitions. Watch the gap between reporting unit fair value and carrying amount — when fair value exceeds carrying amount by less than 10-20%, a small decline in business performance could trigger a write-down. For finite-lived intangibles, examine useful life assumptions across customer relationships, technology, and trade names; aggressive estimates inflate near-term earnings. Compare total intangibles-to-total-assets ratios against peers to assess acquisition dependency. Rising goodwill as a percentage of equity can signal balance sheet fragility.