INCOME TAXES
The components of earnings before income taxes consisted of the following for the years ended December 31:
(In thousands)202520242023
United States$255,957 $195,866 $92,679 
Foreign(888)(6,528)(9,675)
Total earnings before income taxes$255,069 $189,338 $83,004 
The provision for income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Income was as follows for the years ended December 31:
(In thousands)202520242023
Current:
Federal$40,179 $45,922 $15,454 
State and local6,727 6,887 1,752 
Foreign4,031 735 (464)
Total current provision50,937 53,544 16,742 
Deferred:
Federal15,918 (2,249)5,824 
State and local3,537 (425)824 
Foreign(3,573)(4,399)(4,581)
Total deferred provision (benefit)15,882 (7,073)2,067 
Provision for income taxes$66,819 $46,471 $18,809 
The Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $222.6 million and $165.8 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, of which approximately 15 percent and 11 percent was held by subsidiaries in foreign countries.
The Company examined the potential liabilities related to investments in foreign subsidiaries and concluded that there are no material deferred tax liabilities that should be recorded.

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory rate of 21 percent for 2025 to income before income taxes for the reasons detailed in the table below. Due to the adoption of ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, the Company has presented its 2025 income tax disclosures in a revised format that includes enhanced disaggregation and updated categorization consistent with the new FASB requirements:
(In thousands)2025%
Income tax at U.S. federal statutory rate$53,564 21.0%
Domestic Federal
Tax credits(664)(0.3)%
Nontaxable or nondeductible items:
Section 162(m) permanent addback4,624 1.8%
Other(396)(0.1)%
Cross-border tax laws— —%
Domestic changes in valuation allowances— —%
Other reconciling items(262)(0.1)%
Domestic state and local income taxes, net of federal effect8,236 3.2%
Foreign tax effects:
Other foreign jurisdictions536 0.2%
Worldwide changes in prior year unrecognized tax benefits1,181 0.5%
Provision for income taxes$66,819 26.2%
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory rate of 21 percent for 2024 and 2023 to income before income taxes for the following reasons for the years ended December 31:
(In thousands)20242023
Income tax at U.S. federal statutory rate$39,761 $17,431 
State income tax, net of federal income tax impact5,105 2,035 
Section 162(m) limit3,735 1,896 
Federal tax credits(1,002)(1,219)
Share-based payment compensation excess tax benefit(346)(242)
Other(782)(1,092)
Provision for income taxes$46,471 $18,809 
At December 31, 2025, the Company had domestic federal income taxes payable of $2.3 million, domestic state income taxes receivable of $2.7 million, and foreign taxes receivable of $2.3 million recorded. At December 31, 2024, the Company had domestic federal income taxes receivable of $5.6 million, domestic state income taxes receivable of $3.7 million, and foreign taxes receivable of $3.3 million recorded.

At December 31, 2025, state taxes in Indiana and California made up the majority (greater than 50%) of the domestic state and local taxes. At December 31, 2024, state taxes in Indiana and Oregon made up the majority (greater than 50%) of the domestic state and local taxes.
Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities and Valuation Allowances

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were as follows at December 31:
(In thousands)20252024
Deferred tax assets:
Stock-based compensation$2,468 $1,836 
Pension920 909 
Deferred compensation11,737 11,114 
Warranty16,608 13,540 
Convertible debt bond hedge14,286 7,323 
Inventory26,101 24,007 
Research and experimental costs215 9,018 
Other7,384 6,963 
Lease obligation asset69,904 57,528 
Net operating loss, interest, and tax credit carryforwards16,131 15,152 
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance165,754 147,390 
Less valuation allowance(7,896)(7,657)
Total deferred tax assets net of valuation allowance157,858 139,733 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Lease obligation liability(65,776)(54,106)
Fixed assets(45,748)(40,432)
Intangible assets(68,288)(64,953)
Total deferred tax liabilities(179,812)(159,491)
Net deferred tax liabilities$(21,954)$(19,758)
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had deferred tax assets recorded related to foreign net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards of $16.1 million, net. This includes $2.5 million related to U.K. entities, $3.9 million related to Italian entities, $7.8 million related to Hong Kong entities, and $1.9 million related to other foreign entities. The net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards have indefinite lives.

The foreign valuation allowance for Hong Kong deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $7.8 million and $7.5 million, respectively. Based upon historical results and estimated future results, it is the judgment of management that these tax carryforward attributes related to Hong Kong entities are not likely to be realized. The Company has concluded it is more likely than not that it will realize the benefit of all other existing deferred tax assets, net of the valuation allowances mentioned above.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The following table reconciles the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits, at December 31:
(In thousands)202520242023
Balance at beginning of period$24,915 $24,395 $23,376 
Changes in tax positions of prior years— — 218 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year688 1,219 1,195 
Decreases due to settlements of liabilities(411)— — 
Decreases due to closure of tax years(1,235)(699)(394)
Balance at end of period$23,957 $24,915 $24,395 
In addition, the total amount of accrued interest and penalties related to taxes, recognized as a liability, was $11.2 million, $9.6 million, and $7.2 million at December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, net of federal income tax benefits, of $34.6 million, $33.9 million, and $30.8 million at December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, would, if recognized, increase the Company’s earnings, and lower the Company's annual effective tax rate in the year of recognition.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and various states and foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examinations by taxing authorities in these jurisdictions. For U.S. federal and state income tax purposes, tax years 2024, 2023, and 2022 remain subject to examination.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Feb 26, 2026Showing above
2024Feb 21, 2025
2023Feb 23, 2024
2022Feb 24, 2023
2021Feb 25, 2022
2020Feb 26, 2021
2019Feb 27, 2020
2018Feb 27, 2019
2017Feb 28, 2018
2016Feb 28, 2017
2015Feb 29, 2016

About Income Taxes Disclosures

The income tax disclosure reveals how much a company actually pays in taxes versus what the statutory rate would predict. Analysts focus on the effective tax rate (ETR) reconciliation, which breaks down every item driving the gap between the 21% federal rate and the company's reported ETR — including R&D credits, foreign rate differentials, and state taxes. Deferred tax assets (DTAs) and their valuation allowances signal management's confidence in future profitability: a rising allowance suggests the company doubts it can use accumulated tax benefits. Uncertain tax benefit (UTB) reserves quantify exposure to IRS challenges on aggressive positions.

Key signals to watch: sudden ETR drops without clear operational reasons, large increases in valuation allowances, growing UTB balances, and significant unremitted foreign earnings. Post-TCJA, pay attention to GILTI and BEAT provisions that affect multinational tax structures. Compare the cash taxes paid (from the cash flow statement) against the income tax provision to gauge earnings quality.