12. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of August 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

 

 

August 31, 2025

 

 

August 31, 2024

 

 

 

Carrying

 

 

Fair

 

 

Carrying

 

 

Fair

 

 

 

Amount

 

 

Value

 

 

Amount

 

 

Value

 

Financial assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

 

$

2,593

 

 

$

2,593

 

 

$

1,671

 

 

$

1,671

 

Receivables (including related parties)

 

 

3,588

 

 

 

3,588

 

 

 

416

 

 

 

416

 

Other assets (non-derivatives)

 

 

145

 

 

 

145

 

 

 

376

 

 

 

376

 

Financial liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Payables (including related parties)

 

$

9,964

 

 

$

9,964

 

 

$

4,073

 

 

$

4,073

 

Long-term debt (including current installments)

 

 

1,708

 

 

 

1,708

 

 

 

3,724

 

 

 

3,724

 

 

The fair values of the financial instruments shown in the above table as of August 31, 2025 and 2024 represent the amounts that would be received to sell those assets or that would be paid to transfer those liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at that date. Those fair value measurements maximize the use of observable inputs. However, in situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date, the fair value measurement reflects management’s own judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Those judgments are developed by management based on the best information available in the circumstances, including expected cash flows and appropriately risk‑adjusted discount rates, available observable and unobservable inputs.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments:

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables and payables (including related parties) and notes payable to banks: The carrying amounts, at face value or cost plus accrued interest, approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.
Other assets (non‑derivatives) include primarily value‑added tax (“VAT”) refund receivables, refundable deposits, and restricted time deposits. The fair value of VAT refund receivables approximates the carrying amount because of the short maturity. The fair value of refundable deposits and restricted time deposits with no fixed maturity is based on the carrying amount.
Long‑term debt: The fair value of the Company’s variable rate long‑term debt is estimated based on the prevailing market rate adjusted by the Company’s credit spread.

Historical Timeline

Fiscal YearFiled
2025Nov 28, 2025Showing above
2024Nov 27, 2024
2023Nov 28, 2023
2022Nov 8, 2022
2021Nov 29, 2021
2020Nov 17, 2020
2019Nov 20, 2019
2018Nov 26, 2018
2017Nov 29, 2017
2016Nov 21, 2016
2015Dec 15, 2015

About Fair Value Disclosures

Fair value disclosures classify all assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy: Level 1 (quoted market prices), Level 2 (observable inputs like yield curves), and Level 3 (unobservable inputs requiring management estimates). The proportion of Level 3 assets directly reflects how much of the balance sheet depends on internal models rather than market evidence.

Key signals: a growing Level 3 balance relative to total fair-value assets increases valuation uncertainty and earnings volatility risk. Watch for transfers between levels — assets moving from Level 2 to Level 3 often signal deteriorating market liquidity. Unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 positions flow through earnings or other comprehensive income, so large swings deserve scrutiny. For financial institutions, examine the sensitivity disclosures that show how Level 3 valuations change under alternative assumptions. Compare the fair value of debt against its carrying amount to gauge hidden leverage.